Abu l-Hasan Sha'rani

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Abu l-Hasan Sha'rani
Personal Information
Birth1320/1902-3
ResidenceTehran
DeathShawwal 7, 1393/November 3, 1973
Burial PlaceRey, inside the holy shrine of 'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani
Scholarly Information
ProfessorsMirza Mahdi Ashtiyani, Mirza Mahmud Qummi, Habib Allah Dhu l-Funun, Shaykh 'Abd al-Karim Ha'iri Yazdi, Shaykh 'Abd al-Nabi Nuri, Sayyid Abu Turab Khwansari


Abū l-Ḥasan Sha'rānī (Persian: ابوالحسن شعرانی) (b. 1320/1902-3 - d. 1393/1973), known as 'Allama Sha'rani, was a Shi'a scholar and philosopher in the 14th/20th century. He knew French and English, and was an expert in Quranic studies, hadith, fiqh, usul al-fiqh, kalam (Islamic theology), Islamic philosophy, geometry, and astronomy. Thus he wrote many works in these areas. His teachers include Shaykh 'Abd al-Karim Ha'iri Yazdi, Mirza Mahdi Ashtiyani and Mirza Mahmud Qummi, and his students include Mirza Hashim Amuli, Hasan Hasanzada Amuli, and 'Abd Allah Jawadi Amuli. In addition to writing books, he wrote commentaries and annotations on important books of the Quranic exegesis, hadith, theology and Islamic philosophy. His books include Falsafi ula, which concerns the views of western philosophers about metaphysics and the immateriality of the soul, and Rah-i sa'adat, which is an argument for prophethood and in particular, the prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad (s).

Education

Mirza Abu l-Hasan Sha'rani was born in 1320/1902-3 in Tehran and his father was a clergy. He learned the Qur'an from his father, Shaykh Muhammad Tihrani, and started his Islamic education in the Marwi Seminary where he studied Arabic literature, Persian literature, logic, fiqh, usul al-fiqh, Islamic philosophy and mathematics. He then went to the Qom Seminary, which had recently been founded, and attended advanced lectures of fiqh and usul al-fiqh in Qom. His father died when Abu l-Hasan was twenty-six. After this, he migrated to Iraq where he studied Shiite as well as Sunni fiqh. When he finished his education and after studying and practice of mysticism, he returned to Tehran in the era of Rida Shah Pahlawi where he started teaching, research, and preaching.

Professors

Knowledge of other languages

In addition to expertise in different Islamic disciplines, Abu l-Hasan Sha'rani knew some languages, including Persian, Arabic, French, Turkish, English, and Hebrew.

Students

Sha'rani taught many students during his life. Here are some of his prominent students:

Works

Sha'rani wrote many works in different areas of Islamic disciplines and human sciences, from fiqh and usul al-fiqh to Islamic philosophy, kalam, the Qur'an, and hadith. Here is a list of some of his important work.

Quranic exegesis and sciences

  • Nathr tuba, an encyclopedia of Quranic terms (from the letter, "alif" to the letter, "sad")
  • Tajwid al-Quran
  • Publication of more than 60 copies of the Quran in different sizes

Hadith

  • Annotations on al-Wafi (three volumes)

Fiqh and usul al-fiqh

  • Al-Madkhal ila 'adhb al-manhal concerning usul al-fiqh
  • A brief introduction to fiqh in Farsi (as a material to teach in schools)
  • Manasik hajj (hajj rituals) with annotations of 9 Shiite authorities (maraji')

Islamic philosophy and theology (kalam)

  • A translation of the book, al-Imam 'Ali sawt al-'adala al-insaniyya into Farsi. The book was written by George Jordac. Sha'rani has annotated some of his objections in the translation.
  • Annotations on the book, Muhammad: prophet and statesman, by Montgomery Watt
  • Philosophical terminologies
  • Falsafa-yi ula ya ma ba'd al-tabi'a (First philosophy or metaphysics) in Farsi

Astronomy

  • An essay on how to work with zij[1] in accordance with new astronomy
  • Annotations on Tashrih al-afka in terms of new astronomy
  • A translation on Flammarion's book about stronomy from French to Perisan
  • Day and night calendars

History

Misc.

Death

Late in his life, Sha'rani was taken to Germany in order to be cured, but to no avail; he died on Saturday, Shawwal 7, 1393/November 3, 1973. His corpse was taken back to Iran and was buried in the Holy shrine of 'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani on Thursday that week.

Notes

  1. Zijs are Islamic astronomical books that tabulates parameters used for astronomical calculations of the positions of the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets.

References