Mu'adh b. Jabal

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Mu'adh b. Jabal
Burial place of Mu'adh in Jordan
Burial place of Mu'adh in Jordan
Personal Information
TeknonymAbu 'Abd al-Rahman
Muhajir/AnsarAnsar
Place(s) of ResidenceMedinaYemenMeccaSyria
Burial PlaceAl-Shuna al-Shimaliyya in Jordan
Religious Information
Migration toYemen
Known forOne of those who signed al-Sahifa al-Mal'una • an opponent of Ahl al-Bayt (a) over the issue of the caliphate • one of the first people who pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr


Muʿādh b. Jabal b. ʿAmr (Arabic: مُعاذ بن جَبَل بن عمرو) was one of the sahaba, a reciter of the Qur'an, and an opponent of Ahl al-Bayt (a) over the issue of the Prophet's (s) successorship.

Mu'adh pledged his allegiance to the Prophet (s) in the Pledge of al-'Aqaba, and attended the Battle of Badr and the Battle of Uhud. The Prophet (s) sent him to Yemen in order to propagate Islam. Mu'adh b. Jabal was one of those who signed a treaty in Hajjat al-Wada' to the effect that if the Prophet (s) were killed or died, they would not let the caliphate go to Ahl al-Bayt (a).

After the demise of the Prophet (s), Mu'adh was one of the first people who pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr. It is said that at the time of his death, Mu'adh expressed his regret for not supporting Ali b. Abi Talib (a) as the successor of the Prophet (s).

During the Life of the Prophet (s)

Mu'adh b. Jabal was from the Khazraj tribe, and his father was Jabal b. 'Amr b. Aws.[1] His teknonym was Abu 'Abd al-Rahman. He was one of the Ansar. [2] He pledged his allegiance to the Prophet (s) in the Pledge of al-'Aqaba[3] and was present in the battles of Badr and Uhud. After the Battle of Tabuk, the Prophet (s) sent Mu'adh to Yemen as a teacher of Islamic doctrines as well as his agent there. At this time, Mu'adh was just 28 years old.[4]

During the Caliphate of the First Caliph

Mu'adh b. Jabal is said to be one of those five who signed al-Sahifa al-Mal'una, according to which they promised if the Prophet (s) is killed or passed away, they should not let any of his household become his successor. The parties of this treaty were Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa, 'Umar b. al-Khattab, Mu'adh b. Jabal, Abu 'Ubayda al-Jarrah, and Salim Mawla Abi Hudhayfa.[5] It is also said that Mu'adh was one of the first people who pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr, the First Caliph.[6] During Abu Bakr's caliphate, he was appointed as the ruler of the Jund area in Yemen.[7]

Refusing to Help Fatima (a)

According to al-'Allama al-Majlisi, Fatima al-Zahra (a) asked Mu'adh for help in after the confiscation of Fadak, but he refused to help her.[8]

Death

The grave of Mu'adh b. Jabal in al-Shuna al-Shimaliyya, Jordan

Mu'adh returned to Mecca after a while, but he then went to Syria. Finally, he suffered plague,[9] and died during 'Umar's caliphate at the age of 38.[10] He left no progeny. His grave is in "al-Shuna al-Shimaliyya" in Jordan. There are several hadiths in Sunni sources regarding the virtues of Mu'adh b. Jabal.[11]

Regret at the Time of Death

The book Kitab Sulaym b. Qays quoted 'Abd al-Rahman b. Ghanam al-Azdi al-Thumali (Mu'adh's father-in-law) as saying that when Mu'adh was about to die, he expressed his regret for his positions about the successor of the Prophet (s); for not supporting household of the Prophet (s) and supporting, instead, the First and the Second caliphs.[12]

Notes

  1. Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 3, p. 1402.
  2. Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 3, p. 1402-1403.
  3. Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 3, p. 1402-1403.
  4. Ibn Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 4, p. 418-420.
  5. Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilālī, Asrār-i Āl-i Muḥammad, p. 497.
  6. Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilālī, Asrār-i Āl-i Muḥammad, p. 220.
  7. Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 7, p. 272.
  8. Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 29, p. 191.
  9. Ibn Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 4, p. 418.
  10. Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 7, p. 273.
  11. Ibn Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 4, p. 418-421.
  12. Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilālī, Asrār-i Āl-i Muḥammad, p. 497-498.

References

  • Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥammad Bajāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Jail. 1412 AH.
  • Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. Usd al-ghāba. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH.
  • Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Baṣrī. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Edited by ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1410 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Edited by ʿAbd al-Riḍā ʿAlawī. Second edition. Beirut: Dār al-Wafāʾ, 1403 AH.
  • Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilālī. Asrār-i Āl-i Muḥammad. Translated to Farsi by Ismāʿīl Anṣārī Zanjānī. Qom: al-Hādī, 1416 AH.