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[[File:Mourning of fatimiyya.jpg|thumbnail|Mourning of Fatimiyya in [[Mashhad]] 2014]] | [[File:Mourning of fatimiyya.jpg|thumbnail|Mourning of Fatimiyya in [[Mashhad]] 2014]] | ||
'''Fātimīyya''' (Arabic:{{ | '''Fātimīyya''' (Arabic:{{ia|الفاطمية}}) is an adjectival term, referring to the anniversary of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra]]'s [[martyrdom]], during which [[Shi'a]] community holds [[mourning session]]s and rituals. | ||
According to different historical reports within Shi'a traditions, several different dates have been recorded for this incident. Among [[Iraq|Iraqi]] Shi'as, especially in [[Najaf]], three different days; and in [[Iran]] two days of the year, are held as the anniversary of Her martyrdom. Out of different historical accounts, [[Jumada II 3|third of Jumada II]] is regarded as more reliable; hence it is an official holyday in [[Iran]], as an occasion for mourning and lamentation. | According to different historical reports within Shi'a traditions, several different dates have been recorded for this incident. Among [[Iraq|Iraqi]] Shi'as, especially in [[Najaf]], three different days; and in [[Iran]] two days of the year, are held as the anniversary of Her martyrdom. Out of different historical accounts, [[Jumada II 3|third of Jumada II]] is regarded as more reliable; hence it is an official holyday in [[Iran]], as an occasion for mourning and lamentation. | ||
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[[File:Mourning procession.jpg|thumbnail|300px|Shi'a marja's in mourning procession of Fatimiyya]] | [[File:Mourning procession.jpg|thumbnail|300px|Shi'a marja's in mourning procession of Fatimiyya]] | ||
The exact date of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra]]'s [[martyrdom]] remains uncertain due to different historical reports and | The exact date of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra]]'s [[martyrdom]] remains uncertain due to different historical reports and [[narration]]s from the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. There are different and incompatible records of that date, like: 40 days after the demise of the [[Holy Prophet (s)]], 72 or 75 days after it, 95 days, 3 or 6 months after the demise. | ||
Iraqi Shi'as hold ceremonies in three of these reports: 40 days after the demise of the Holy Prophet (s) ([[Rabi' II 8]]), 75 days after it ([[Jumada I 13]]), and 95 days ([[Jumada II 3]]). [[Iran|Iranian]] Shi'a, however, hold ceremonies in two last ones, that are called "the first Fatimiyya" and "the second Fatimiyya". | |||
According to what [[Abu Basir]] has narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] was martyred on Tuesday, third of Jumada II. This occasion has been revitalized after the establishment of the [[Islamic Seminary of Qom|Islamic Seminary in Qom]] by [[Shaykh 'Abd al-Karim Ha'iri]]. | According to what [[Abu Basir]] has narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] was martyred on Tuesday, third of Jumada II. This occasion has been revitalized after the establishment of the [[Islamic Seminary of Qom|Islamic Seminary in Qom]] by [[Shaykh 'Abd al-Karim Ha'iri]]. | ||
==As a Holiday in Iran== | ==As a Holiday in Iran== | ||
Since 2000, [[Jumada II 3]] (the second Fatimiyya) has been declared as a national holyday in [[Iran]]. After this decision, the mourning ceremonies expanded in Iran. Some Shi'a marja's attend ritual mourning procession, walking toward the [[Holy Shrine of Imam al-Rida (a)]] in [[Mashhad]], and the [[Holy Shrine of Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a)]] in [[Qom]]. | Since 2000, [[Jumada II 3]] (the second Fatimiyya) has been declared as a national holyday in [[Iran]]. After this decision, the mourning ceremonies expanded in Iran. Some Shi'a [[marja']]s attend ritual mourning procession, walking toward the [[Holy Shrine of Imam al-Rida (a)]] in [[Mashhad]], and the [[Holy Shrine of Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a)]] in [[Qom]]. | ||
==Time of Mourning== | |||
There is no specific period of time in [[Shia]] tradition for mourning and the popular titles of the "first 10-days" or the "second 10-days" of Fatimiyya in recent years has followed the tradition of the "first 10-days of Muharram" and there is no hadith or tradition recommending it. The great position of the Prophet's (s) daughter,her martyrdom defending [[Imam Ali (a)]] and her hardships are the reasons behind this tradition among Shia. | |||
The time of these two 10-day periods is different in different cities but, usually according to the 75-day report, the second 10-days of [[Jumada I]] (from 10th to 20th of Jumada I) is called the "first 10-days" and based on the 95-day report, the first 10-days of [[Jumada II]] (from 10th to 20th of Jumada II) is called the "second 10-days" of Fatimiyya. Some grand Shia authorities have advised that in both 10-day Fatimiyya, three days should be dedicated to [[mourning ceremonies]]; so that, mourning ceremonies should be held on 13th, 14th and 15th of Jumada I in the first Fatimiyya time and 1st, 2nd and 3rd of Jumada II in the second Fatimiyya period. | |||
==Making the Model of the House of Lady Fatima (s)== | |||
In recent years, during the days of Fatimiyya, some models of Banu Hashim neighborhood, the house of Lady Fatima (s), [[Bayt al-Ahzan]], [[Baqi' cemetery]], [[Ghadir Khumm]], etc. are built for public exhibition in some cities of [[Iran]], especially in [[Qom]] and [[Tehran]]. | |||
==Fatimiyya in Other Countries== | |||
In others countries including [[Iraq]], [[Pakistan]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Tajikistan]] and [[Australia]], mourning ceremonies are held in Fatimiyya time. In Europe, centers such as the [[Islamic Center of Hamburg]], [[Islamic Center of England]] and [[Imam Ali (a) Islamic Center of Stockholm|Imam Ali (a) Islamic Center]] in Stockholm hold mourning ceremonies in these times. Fatimiyya ceremonies are held for 3 to 5 nights. | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||