Al-Hadi al-'Abbasi: Difference between revisions

== Suppression of the Uprising of the Martyr of Fakhkh ==

{{main|Uprising of the Martyr of Fakhkh}}  

In the first days of al-Hadi al-'Abbasi's government, 'Alids of [[Hijaz]] led by Husayn b. Ali b. Hasan made an uprising in [[Medina]]<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 326;  Bilādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 136; Maqdisī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa l-tārīkh'', vol. 6, p. 99.</ref> and were heavily defeated by the government. In this battle, many of 'Alids and Husayn's companions were killed.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 10, p. 157; Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 365.</ref> Al-Hadi's harsh encounter made the situation in Hijaz difficult for 'Alids. To free from this situation, they turned to one of the chiefs of 'Alids known as Ali b. Husayn b. Hasan and urged him to make an uprising.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 404.</ref> However, some believe that he looked for an opportunity to take the power since many years ago, considered it among the rights of 'Alids and looked for an opportunity to make an uprising; and that the oppression of al-Hadi toward 'Alids gave him the opportunity for uprising.<ref>Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 372.</ref> In any case, he found the opportunity to make an uprising<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 10, p. 157.</ref> and began his movement in [[169]]/786. He first took over Medina and released the prisoners<ref>Ibn al-Ṭaqṭqaī, ''al-Fakhrī'', p. 189.</ref> and imprisoned Abbasid agents<ref>Khiḍrī, ''Tārīkh-i khalāfat-i ʿabbāsīyān'', p. 52.</ref> and made [[Masjid al-Nabi]] his command center. Then, he moved toward [[Mecca]] and camped in a valley called Fakh, six mils from Mecca.<ref>Ibn al-Ṭaqṭqaī, ''al-Fakhrī'', p. 190.</ref> People of Mecca did not accept his invitation. At that time, Abbasid army led by 'Isa b. Musa<ref>Maqdisī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa l-tārīkh'', vol. 6, p. 99.</ref> arrived in the region and after engaging in a battle, Husayn and his companions were defeated and killed.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 326-327; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 8, p. 192-204.</ref> This event became famous as the [[event of Fakh]] in the history and Husayn became known as [[Shahid Fakhkh]] (the martyr of Fakhkh) or [[Sahib Fakhkh]].<ref>Ṭaqūsh, ''Dawlat-i ʿabbāsīyān'', p. 93.</ref> After the [[event of Karbala]], this event was considered the most heart-wrenching events for 'Alids and many laments were composed about it.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 327.</ref>