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Al-Farazdaq: Difference between revisions
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=== Imam al-Sajjad (a) === | === Imam al-Sajjad (a) === | ||
During the rule of [[al-Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik]], his crown prince and his brother Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik went to Mecca for hajj. During [[tawaf]] (circumambulation around the Ka'ba), he went toward the [[Black Stone]] (al-Hajar al-Aswad) to touch it, but he could not approach it because of the crowd. Thus inevitably, he returned. They put up a seat for him in a high place and he began watching the crowd from there. Meanwhile, [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] arrived and after tawaf went to the Black Stone. With all the congestion existed, the crowd opened the way for Imam (a) so that Imam (a) could approach the Black Stone. Companions of Hisham became surprised. One of them asked him, "who is he?" Although Hisham knew Imam (a), answered, "I do not know him." | During the rule of [[al-Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik]], his crown prince and his brother Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik went to Mecca for hajj. During [[tawaf]] (circumambulation around the Ka'ba), he went toward the [[Black Stone]] (al-Hajar al-Aswad) to touch it, but he could not approach it because of the crowd. Thus inevitably, he returned. They put up a seat for him in a high place and he began watching the crowd from there. Meanwhile, [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] arrived and after tawaf went to the Black Stone. With all the congestion existed, the crowd opened the way for Imam (a) so that Imam (a) could approach the Black Stone. Companions of Hisham became surprised. One of them asked him, "who is he?" Although Hisham knew Imam (a), he answered, "I do not know him." | ||
At that time, al-Farazdaq bravely said, "but I know him." He stood in a high position and composed his famous poem introducing Imam al-Sajjad (a). Hisham ordered to cut al-Farazdaq's allowance from the [[public treasure]] and imprisoned him in 'Asfan between Mecca and [[Medina]]. | At that time, al-Farazdaq bravely said, "but I know him." He stood in a high position and composed his famous poem introducing Imam al-Sajjad (a). Hisham ordered to cut al-Farazdaq's allowance from the [[public treasure]] and imprisoned him in 'Asfan between Mecca and [[Medina]]. | ||
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== Relation with al-Kumayt == | == Relation with al-Kumayt == | ||
[[Al-Kumayt b. Zayd al-Asadi]] had a tribal bond with al-Farazdaq. When al-Kumayt composed "Qasa'id al-Hashimiyyat" in praise of the Ahl al-Bayt (a), recited them to al-Farazdaq to check their quality. After al-Farazdaq heard his poems, said, "well-done son, you have mentioned so well saying that 'you have given up hoodlums and outlaws and your shot would never be missed and your speech would not be rejected' …spread these poems and confront with the enemy for you are a better poet than everyone in the past and the present."<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 231.</ref> | [[Al-Kumayt b. Zayd al-Asadi]] had a tribal bond with al-Farazdaq. When al-Kumayt composed "Qasa'id al-Hashimiyyat" in praise of the Ahl al-Bayt (a), recited them to al-Farazdaq to check their quality. After al-Farazdaq heard his poems, said, "well-done son, you have mentioned so well saying that 'you have given up hoodlums and outlaws and your shot would never be missed and your speech would not be rejected' …spread these poems and confront with the enemy, for you are a better poet than everyone in the past and the present."<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 231.</ref> | ||
With all the respect al-Farazdaq had for the Ahl al-Bayt (a), his attention toward [[Umayyad]] caliphs and attending in their system, considering the social role and position of a poet and the influence poems could | With all the respect al-Farazdaq had for the Ahl al-Bayt (a), his attention toward [[Umayyad]] caliphs and attending in their system, considering the social role and position of a poet and the influence poems could exert at that time, is questionable and thus he cannot be placed in the same rank as al-Kumayt or [[Di'bil]] who were lovers of the Ahl al-Bayt (a). | ||
== Relation with Umayyad Rulers == | == Relation with Umayyad Rulers == | ||
Al-Farazdaq attended the courts of Umayyad caliphs including [[Al-Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik|al-Walid]],<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 8, p. 96.</ref> [[Sulayman b. 'Abd al-Malik|Sulayman]]<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', vol. 7, p. 212.</ref> and others and composed poems in approval of their position. Those poems show al-Farazdaq's view about [[caliphate]] and at least draw him out of the realm of ideological [[Shi'a]]. | Al-Farazdaq attended the courts of Umayyad caliphs including [[Al-Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik|al-Walid]],<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 8, p. 96.</ref> [[Sulayman b. 'Abd al-Malik|Sulayman]]<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', vol. 7, p. 212.</ref> and others and composed poems in approval of their position. Those poems show al-Farazdaq's view about [[caliphate]] and at least draw him out of the realm of ideological [[Shi'a]]. | ||
However, he cannot be considered a mere court poet. He also composed satires against the manner of some Arab rulers | However, he cannot be considered a mere court poet. He also composed satires against the manner of some Arab rulers whose conduct was against the principles of [[Islam]]. His satires about [[Ziyad b. Abih]]<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 11, p. 37; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 7, p. 2853.</ref> and [[Mu'awiya]]<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 2, p. 350.</ref> are examples of that. | ||
== Transmition of Hadiths == | == Transmition of Hadiths == | ||
Al-Farazdaq transmitted [[hadith]]s from [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], [[Abu Hurayra]], [[Abu Sa'id al-Khudri]], 'Arfaja b. As'ad, Zurara b. Karb, and [[Tirimmah b. 'Adi]]; and Khalid al-Hadhdha', Marwan al-Asghar, al-Hajjaj b. al-Hajjaj and others transmitted hadiths from him.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 9, p. 265.</ref> | Al-Farazdaq has transmitted [[hadith]]s from [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], [[Abu Hurayra]], [[Abu Sa'id al-Khudri]], 'Arfaja b. As'ad, Zurara b. Karb, and [[Tirimmah b. 'Adi]]; and Khalid al-Hadhdha', Marwan al-Asghar, al-Hajjaj b. al-Hajjaj and others have transmitted hadiths from him.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 9, p. 265.</ref> | ||
== Demise == | == Demise == | ||