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-'''Sura al-Tawba''' or '''al-Baraʾa''' (Arabic: {{ia|سورة التوبة}}) is the ninth [[sura]] of the [[Quran]]. It is a [[Madani sura]] of the Quran, located in [[juz']] ten or eleven. It is called “al-Tawba” because some of its verses are about tawba ([[repentance]]).  The name “Baraʾa” (repudiation) comes from its first verse. Sura al-Tawba begins without “[[Bism Allah al-Rahman al-Rahim]]” (In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful). It commands Muslims to cut their ties to [[polytheists]], and commands the [[Prophet (s)]] not to ask for the forgiveness of polytheists. The sura also talks about [[jihad]] against [[disbeliever]]s and polytheists as well as [[zakat]]. According to [[hadiths]], the Prophet (s) first entrusted [[Abu Bakr]] with the task of declaring this sura to polytheists, but he then cancelled Abu Bakr’s mission and left it to [[Imam ʿAli (a)]].
+{{Infobox Sura
+|image = سوره توبه.jpg
+|previous = [[Sura al-Anfal|al-Anfal]]
+|next = [[Yunus]]
+|sura number = 9
+|juz' = 10-11
+|revelation number = 114
+|Makki/Madani = [[Madani]]
+|verse count = 129
+|word count = 2506
+|letter count = 11116
+}}
+{{fulltext|position=top}}
+'''Sūra al-Tawba''' or '''al-Barāʾa''' (Arabic: {{ia|سورة التوبة}}) is the ninth [[sura]] of the [[Quran]]. It is a [[Madani sura]] of the Quran, located in [[juz']] ten or eleven. It is called “al-Tawba” because some of its [[verses]] are about [[repentance]].  The name “Baraʾa” (repudiation) comes from its first verse. Sura al-Tawba begins without “[[Bism Allah al-Rahman al-Rahim]]” (In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful). It commands Muslims to cut their ties to [[polytheists]], and commands the [[Prophet (s)]] not to ask for the forgiveness of polytheists. The sura also talks about [[jihad]] against [[disbeliever]]s and polytheists as well as [[zakat]]. According to [[hadiths]], the Prophet (s) first entrusted [[Abu Bakr]] with the task of declaring this sura to polytheists, but he then cancelled Abu Bakr’s mission and left it to [[Imam 'Ali (a)]].
-Well-known [[verses]] of Sura al-Tawba include the Verse of “Do not grieve” (or La-Tahzan), [[al-Sadiqin Verse]], [[Verse of Permission]] (Idhn), and [[al-Nafr Verse]]. This sura also refers to the event of [[Dirar Mosque]], the [[Battle of Hunayn]], and the defiance of the decree to attend the [[Battle of Tabuk]] on part of some Muslims.
+Well-known [[verses]] of Sura al-Tawba include the [[Verse of La-Tahzan]] (Do not grieve), [[al-Sadiqin Verse]], [[al-Udhun Verse]] (Verse of Ear), and [[al-Nafr Verse]]. This sura also refers to the event of [[Dirar Mosque]], the [[Battle of Hunayn]], and the defiance of the decree to attend the [[Battle of Tabuk]] on part of some Muslims.
 ==Introduction==
-===Names===
+*'''Naming'''
 The sura has a number of names (up to fourteen), two of which are more famous: al-Baraʾa and al-Tawba. The former, which occurs in most hadiths, is derived from its first verse, and the latter, which appears in some hadiths, is because it contains a number of verses about tawba (or repentance). Other names of the sura are as follows: Fadiha (scandalizing), Mukhziya (humiliating), Mubaʿthira (inquirer), Hafira (revealer), Munqira (divulger), Musharrida (scattering), and Munakkila (torturer).
-===Order and Location of Revelation===
+*'''Order and place of revelation'''
-Sura al-Tawba is a Madani sura of the Quran. In the order of revelation, it is the 114th (last) sura revealed to the Prophet (s). In the present order of compilation, it is the ninth sura of the Quran, located in juzʾ ten and eleven.
+Sura al-Tawba is a Madani sura of the Quran. In the [[order of revelation]], it is the 114th (last) sura revealed to the [[Prophet (s)]]. In the present order of compilation, it is the ninth sura of the Quran, located in juzʾ ten and eleven.
+*'''Number of verses and other features'''
-===Number of Verses and Other Features===
+Sura al-Tawba has 129 verses, 2506 words, and 11116 letters. As for its length, it is one of the seven long suras ([[sab' tiwal]]); that is, a relatively large sura, which occupies about one juzʾ of the Quran.
-Sura al-Tawba has 129 verses, 2506 words, and 11116 letters. As for its length, it is one of the seven long suras (sabʿ tiwal); that is, a relatively large sura, which occupies about one juzʾ of the Quran.
 ===That Only Sura without Bism Allah===
-Unlike other Quranic suras, this sura does not begin with “Bism Allah al-Rahman al-Rahim” (In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful). Quranic exegetes have provided a number of reasons why this is so:
+Unlike other Quranic suras, this sura does not begin with “Bism Allah al-Rahman al-Rahim” (In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful). Quranic [[exegete]]s have provided a number of reasons why this is so:
--	The sura was revealed after Sura al-Anfal, and hence, they count as one sura.
+* The sura was revealed after [[Sura al-Anfal]], and hence, they count as one sura.
--	“Bism Allah al-Rahman al-Rahim” is a verse of mercy and amnesty, while Sura al-Baraʾa declares the repeal of amnesty, which does not square with “Bism Allah.”
+* “Bism Allah al-Rahman al-Rahim” is a verse of mercy and amnesty, while Sura al-Baraʾa declares the repeal of amnesty, which does not square with “Bism Allah.”
--	According to a hadith from [[Ibn 'Abbas]], ʿUthman said that the Prophet (s) did not say anything about the place of these two suras. Thus, we wrote them consecutively because both were revealed in Medina and were concerned with the same topic.<ref>Ibn ʿAbbas says: “I told ʿUthman why you have included Sura al-Baraʾa, which is a “miʾun” sura [suras with at least one hundred verses], among the seven long suras together with Sura al-Anfal which is one of al-Mathani, and why did you not write ‘Bism Allah’ between these two suras?” ʿUthman said: “When Quranic verses were revealed to the Prophet (s), he had the practice of telling the scribes of revelation to include those verses in such and such suras. Sura al-Anfal was one of the first suras revealed in Medina, and Sura al-Baraʾa was among the last suras revealed therein, and since these two suras involve the same stories [or similar contents], we treated Sura al-Baraʾa as a sequel of Sura al-Anfal. The Prophet himself never said anything about this until he died. Thus, we included it among the long seven suras, without writing ‘Bism Allah’ between them.”</ref>
+* According to a hadith from [[Ibn 'Abbas]], [['Uthman]] said that the Prophet (s) did not say anything about the place of these two suras. Thus, we wrote them consecutively because both were revealed in [[Medina]] and were concerned with the same topic.<ref>Ibn ʿAbbas says: “I told ʿUthman why you have included Sura al-Baraʾa, which is a “miʾun” sura [suras with at least one hundred verses], among the seven long suras together with Sura al-Anfal which is one of al-Mathani, and why did you not write ‘Bism Allah’ between these two suras?” ʿUthman said: “When Quranic verses were revealed to the Prophet (s), he had the practice of telling the scribes of revelation to include those verses in such and such suras. Sura al-Anfal was one of the first suras revealed in Medina, and Sura al-Baraʾa was among the last suras revealed therein, and since these two suras involve the same stories [or similar contents], we treated Sura al-Baraʾa as a sequel of Sura al-Anfal. The Prophet himself never said anything about this until he died. Thus, we included it among the long seven suras, without writing ‘Bism Allah’ between them.”</ref>
 ==Content==
-Sura al-Tawba commands Muslims to cut their ties with polytheists and hypocrites, while its leaves the doors of repentance open to them. It commands believers to cut their ties to their polytheist family members and relatives, and orders the Prophet (s) not to ask for the forgiveness of polytheists, just as Prophet Abraham (a) repudiated his uncle when he was sure that he could not be led to the right path. Another theme of the sura is the Dirar Mosque, which was built by hypocrites, on which verses 107 and 108 of the verse were revealed. The breach of the order to attend jihad on part of some Muslims and zakat are other themes of the sura.
+Sura al-Tawba commands Muslims to cut their ties with [[polytheists]] and [[hypocrites]], while its leaves the doors of [[repentance]] open to them. It commands [[believer]]s to cut their ties to their polytheist family members and relatives, and orders the Prophet (s) not to ask for the forgiveness of polytheists, just as [[Prophet Abraham (a)]] repudiated his uncle when he was sure that he could not be led to the right path. Another theme of the sura is the [[Dirar Mosque]], which was built by hypocrites, on which verses 107 and 108 of the verse were revealed. The breach of the order to attend [[jihad]] on part of some Muslims and [[zakat]]] are other themes of the sura.
 ==Historical Stories and Narratives==
--	Declaration of the repudiation of polytheists
+* Declaration of the repudiation of polytheists
--	Victory in the Battle of Hunayn and helping God
+* Victory in the [[Battle of Hunayn]] and helping God
--	The Prophet’s hiding in a cave when migrating to Medina
+* The Prophet’s hiding in a cave when migrating to Medina
--	Dirar Mosque
+* Dirar Mosque
--	Abraham’s request for the forgiveness of Azar
+* Abraham’s request for the forgiveness of [[Azar]]
--	Three of the Prophet’s companions defying the order to attend the Battle of Tabuk
+* Three of the Prophet’s companions defying the order to attend the [[Battle of Tabuk]]
 ==Imam ʿAli (a) and the Mission of Declaring the Sura==