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Kashf al-ghumma fi ma'rifat al-a'imma (book): Difference between revisions
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'''''Kashf al-ghumma fī maʿrifat al-aʾimma''''' (Arabic: {{ia| | '''''Kashf al-ghumma fī maʿrifat al-aʾimma''''' (Arabic: {{ia|کشفُ الغُمَّة فی مَعرِفَةِ الأئمّة}}, lit. lifting the hardship in knowing the Imams) is an Arabic book by [['Ali b. 'Isa al-Irbili|Baha' al-Din 'Ali b. 'Isa al-Irbili]] (d. [[692]]/1293), one of [[Shi'a]] scholars in the seventh/thirteenth century. This book includes biographies, virtues and [[miracle]]s of the [[Fourteen Infallibles (a)]] and is organized into two sections. | ||
==Author== | ==Author== | ||
{{main|'Ali b. 'Isa al-Irbili}} | {{main|'Ali b. 'Isa al-Irbili}} | ||
Abu l-Hasan 'Ali b. 'Isa Hakkari, famous as Baha' al-Din al-Irbili, is a well-known Shi'a [[Muhaddith]] (Hadith Transmitter), historian, literary expert and poet in | Abu l-Hasan 'Ali b. 'Isa Hakkari, famous as Baha' al-Din al-Irbili, is a well-known Shi'a [[Muhaddith]] (Hadith Transmitter), historian, literary expert and poet in seventh/thirteenth century. He was born and raised in [[Irbil]].<ref>Farrukh, ''Tārīkh al-adab al-ʿarabī'', vol. 3 p. 661.</ref> His father, Fakhr al-Din 'Isa, known as Ibn Jijni, was the governor of Irbil and its surrounding areas. | ||
==Topic== | ==Topic== | ||
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==Date of Compilation== | ==Date of Compilation== | ||
The book has two sections; the first section was finished in 678/1279 and the second section in 682/1283.<ref> | The book has two sections; the first section was finished in 678/1279 and the second section in 682/1283.<ref>Aqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ''al-Dharīʿa ilā taṣānīf al-Shīʿa'', vol. 18, p. 47-48.</ref> | ||
==Motivation== | ==Motivation== | ||
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He continues: | He continues: | ||
Many people mock the [[ziyarah|visiting of the shrine]] of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]], while most of these people visit the tombs of [[Darwish]]s and [[Sufi]]s.<ref> | Many people mock the [[ziyarah|visiting of the shrine]] of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]], while most of these people visit the tombs of [[Darwish]]s and [[Sufi]]s.<ref>Irbilī, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', vol. 1, p. 4-5.</ref> | ||
==Method== | ==Method== | ||
In writing his book, [['Ali b. 'Isa al-Irbili|al-Irbili]] has consulted early sources and has adopted most of the book's content from them. He merely adds some explanations and assessments under certain narrations and finishes the biography of each Imam by a poem in praising the Imam. One of the features of this book is that when narrating hadiths about the position and virtues of Imams (a), the author narrates hadiths from Sunni sources first then he narrates from Shi'a sources which makes the book more acceptable by the opponents. | In writing his book, [['Ali b. 'Isa al-Irbili|al-Irbili]] has consulted early sources and has adopted most of the book's content from them. He merely adds some explanations and assessments under certain narrations and finishes the biography of each Imam by a poem in praising the Imam. One of the features of this book is that when narrating hadiths about the position and virtues of Imams (a), the author narrates hadiths from Sunni sources first then he narrates from Shi'a sources which makes the book more acceptable by the opponents. | ||
The author makes use of his theological ideas and in the history of Shi'a Imams (a), he discusses the arguments and proofs of the their [[Imamate]] and narrates some of their virtues and [[miracle]]s. | The author makes use of his theological ideas and in the history of Shi'a Imams (a), he discusses the arguments and proofs of the their [[Imamate]] and narrates some of their virtues and [[miracle]]s.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān,''Kashf al-ghumma fī maʿrifat al-aʾimma''.</ref> | ||
When evaluating the beliefs of the opponents, the author tries to follow a scholarly method and make judgments based on historical reports. | When evaluating the beliefs of the opponents, the author tries to follow a scholarly method and make judgments based on historical reports. | ||
In some cases the author has proposed opinions which are contrary to the opinion of other Shi'a scholars including his belief that Imam al-Rida (a) was not martyred by [[Ma'mun]]. | In some cases the author has proposed opinions which are contrary to the opinion of other Shi'a scholars including his belief that Imam al-Rida (a) was not martyred by [[Ma'mun]].<ref>[https://www.noorlib.ir/View/fa/Book/BookView/Image/1916 Noor Digital Library]</ref> | ||
==Significance== | ==Significance== | ||
*Author's views are in accordance with mainstream Shi'a beliefs and he seems fair in presenting different discussions; however, he mentions various arguments in favor of Shi'a and against other deviant sects. | *Author's views are in accordance with mainstream Shi'a beliefs and he seems fair in presenting different discussions; however, he mentions various arguments in favor of Shi'a and against other deviant sects. | ||
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*A translation by: Ni'mat Allah b. Quraysh Radawi Mashhadi. | *A translation by: Ni'mat Allah b. Quraysh Radawi Mashhadi. | ||
*''Siyar al-a'imma'' or ''Iksir al-Tawarikh'' by: Mirza Muhammad b. Muhammad Rafi' Shirazi Malik al-Kuttab. | *''Siyar al-a'imma'' or ''Iksir al-Tawarikh'' by: Mirza Muhammad b. Muhammad Rafi' Shirazi Malik al-Kuttab. | ||
*A translation by: Mulla 'Abd al-Latif Azarbayjani Mullabashi. | *A translation by: Mulla 'Abd al-Latif Azarbayjani Mullabashi.<ref>Aqā Buzurg Tihrānī, ''al-Dharīʿa ilā taṣānīf al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 130; vol. 12, p. 276, vol. 20, p. 147.</ref> | ||
Also [[al-Kaf'ami]], the author of ''[[Misbah al-Kaf'ami (book)|Misbah]]'', has some glosses on this book. | Also [[al-Kaf'ami]], the author of ''[[Misbah al-Kaf'ami (book)|Misbah]]'', has some glosses on this book. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{ | {{notes}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* | * ''Dar shinākht-i imāmat, (Muʿarrafi-yi kitab-i "Kashf al-ghumma fī maʿrifat al-aʾimma)"''. Khiradnāma-yi Hamshahrī, No 26, Spring 1387. | ||
* Farrukh, ʿUmar. ''Tārīkh al-adab al-ʿarabī''. Beirut: 1989. | |||
* Irbilī, ʿAlī b. ʿIsā al-. ''Kashf al-ghumma fī maʿrifat al-aʾimma''. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 1405 AH. | |||
* Irbilī, ʿAlī b. ʿIsā Bahā al-Dīn al-. ''Risāla al-laṭīf''. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh Jabūrī. Baghdad: 1388 AH. | |||
* Tihrānī, Aqā Buzurg al-. ''Al-Dharīʿa ilā taṣānīf al-Shīʿa''. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 1403 AH. | |||
* Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl. ''Kashf al-ghumma fī maʿrifat al-aʾimma''. Majmūʿa Maqālāt-i Kungira-yi Shaykh al-Mufīd, No 28, [n.d]. | |||
* ''Kitāb-i Shinākht-i sīra-yi Ma'sūmān''. Noor Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences. | |||
* ''Kitāb-i Shinākht-i sīra-yi Ma'sūmān''. Noor Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences. | |||
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{{Shia History Sources}} | {{Shia History Sources}} | ||
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