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Prophets: Difference between revisions
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===In the Qur'an=== | ===In the Qur'an=== | ||
Only | Only twenty-five or twenty-six prophets have been mentioned in the [[Qur'an]]: [[Adam]] (17 times), [[Noah]] (Nuh) (43 times), [[Idris]] (2 times), [[Hud]] (7 times), [[Salih]] (9 times), [[Abraham]] (Ibrahim) (69 times), [[Lot]] (Lut) (27 times), [[Ishmael]] (Isma'il) (11 times), [[Elisha]] (Alyasha') (2 times), [[Dhu l-Kifl]] (2 times), [[Elijah]] (Ilyas) (2 times), [[Jonah]] (Yunus or [[Dhu l-Nun]]) (4 times), [[Isaac]] (Ishaq) (17 times), [[Jacob]] (Ya'qub) or [[Israel]] (16 times), [[Joseph]] (Yusuf) (27 times), [[Shoaib]] (11 times), [[Moses]] (Musa) (136 times), [[Aaron]] (Harun) (19 times), [[David]] (Dawud) (16 times), [[Solomon]] (Sulayman) (17 times), [[Job]] (Ayyub) (4 times), [[Zechariah]] (Zakariyya) (7 times), [[John]] (Yahya) (5 times), [[Jesus]] ('Isa) (25 times), and [[Muhammad]] (4 times). | ||
Some people believe that two distinct prophets have been mentioned in the Qur'an as "Isma'il" (Ishmael): Ishmael the son of Abraham, and Ishmael the son of [[Ezekiel]]. Some people have identified the two. There are people mentioned in the Qur'an but it is not known whether they were prophets: [[Dhu l-Qarnayn]], [[Joachim]] the father of [[Maryam]], [['Uzayr]], and [[Luqman]]. | Some people believe that two distinct prophets have been mentioned in the Qur'an as "Isma'il" (Ishmael): Ishmael the son of Abraham, and Ishmael the son of [[Ezekiel]]. Some people have identified the two. There are people mentioned in the Qur'an but it is not known whether they were prophets: [[Dhu l-Qarnayn]], [[Joachim]] the father of [[Maryam]], [['Uzayr]], and [[Luqman]]. | ||
There are also some Quranic verses in which certain prophets are referred to by their characteristics and attributes, such as verses 243 and 246 of [[Sura al-Baqara]], respectively, about Ezkiel (Hizqil) and [[Samuel]] (Ishmu'il), or verse 259 of Sura al-Baqara about [[Jeremiah]] (Irmia) or 'Uzayr. The verse | There are also some Quranic verses in which certain prophets are referred to by their characteristics and attributes, such as verses 243 and 246 of [[Sura al-Baqara]], respectively, about Ezkiel (Hizqil) and [[Samuel]] (Ishmu'il), or verse 259 of Sura al-Baqara about [[Jeremiah]] (Irmia) or 'Uzayr. The verse sixty-five of [[Sura al-Kahf]] is about [[Khidr]], but it is not known whether Khidr was a prophet. | ||
Some Quranic chapters or [[Suras]] are named after prophets, such as [[Sura Al 'Imran]], [[Sura Yunus]], [[Sura Hud]], [[Sura Yusuf]], [[Sura Ibrahim]], [[Sura Muhammad]], [[Sura Nuh]], and on one account, [[Sura Luqman]]. There is also a Sura called [[Sura al-Anbiya']] (the chapter of prophets). The verse 164 of [[Sura al-Nisa']] makes it explicit that only some prophets have been mentioned in the [[Qur'an]]. | Some Quranic chapters or [[Suras]] are named after prophets, such as [[Sura Al 'Imran]], [[Sura Yunus]], [[Sura Hud]], [[Sura Yusuf]], [[Sura Ibrahim]], [[Sura Muhammad]], [[Sura Nuh]], and on one account, [[Sura Luqman]]. There is also a Sura called [[Sura al-Anbiya']] (the chapter of prophets). The verse 164 of [[Sura al-Nisa']] makes it explicit that only some prophets have been mentioned in the [[Qur'an]]. | ||
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===In Hadiths=== | ===In Hadiths=== | ||
[[Al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] collected the hadiths concerning the prophets until [[Muhammad (s)]] in | [[Al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] collected the hadiths concerning the prophets until [[Muhammad (s)]] in four volumes (vol. 11 to 14) of his ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]''. In addition to the prophets mentioned in the Qur'an, the following have been mentioned in these hadiths too: Hayquq or Habquq ([[Habakkuk]]), [[Daniel]], [[Jirjis]] (George), Hanzala, Khalid, and [[Asif b. Barkhiya]]. Some successors of the prophets have been mentioned in hadiths but it is not known whether they were all prophets, such as Hibat Allah (Shayth or [[Seth]]), the successor of Adam, and [[Shem]] (Sam) the successor of Noah. | ||
===In the Torah and the Gospel=== | ===In the Torah and the Gospel=== | ||
The Judo-Christian conception of the prophet is different from that of the Muslims. They have sometimes referred to soothsayers as prophets. Here are some of the prophets mentioned in the [[Torah]]: Adam, Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Isaac, Joseph, and Moses, and the last | The Judo-Christian conception of the prophet is different from that of the Muslims. They have sometimes referred to soothsayers as prophets. Here are some of the prophets mentioned in the [[Torah]]: Adam, Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Isaac, Joseph, and Moses, and the last seventeen books of the Old Testament are attributed to the Israelite prophets: Daniel, Ezekiel, Jeremiah, [[Isaiah]] (Ash'iya), [[Hosea]] (Husha'), [[Joel]] (Yu'il), [[Amos]] ('Amus), [[Obadiah]], Jonah, [[Micah]], [[Nahum]], Habakkuk, [[Zephaniah]], [[Haggai]], Zechariah, and [[Malachi]]. The Jews and Christians take Solomon and David to be Israelite kings, rather than prophets. | ||
==The First and the Last Prophet== | ==The First and the Last Prophet== | ||
The first prophet was [[Adam]] who was created, together with his wife, [[Eve]], in the [[Heaven]], and was [[Fall|ousted]] from the Heaven because of eating the [[Forbidden Fruit]]. His first successor was his son, Hibat Allah (Seth). And the last prophet was [[Muhammad (s)]] who was born in [[Mecca]] in 570 and died at the age of | The first prophet was [[Adam]] who was created, together with his wife, [[Eve]], in the [[Heaven]], and was [[Fall|ousted]] from the Heaven because of eating the [[Forbidden Fruit]]. His first successor was his son, Hibat Allah (Seth). And the last prophet was [[Muhammad (s)]] who was born in [[Mecca]] in 570 and died at the age of sixty-three. His first successor was [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]]. According to the [[Qur'an]], Muhammad’s (s) religion, that is, [[Islam]], is a global religion. Muhammad’s (s) last successor is [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]] who will establish the religion and justice throughout the world. | ||
==Simultaneous Prophets== | ==Simultaneous Prophets== | ||
According to Quranic verses, there were some prophets who lived at the same time, such as Moses and Aaron, and Abraham and Lot. There are different hadiths according to which the Israelites martyred | According to Quranic verses, there were some prophets who lived at the same time, such as Moses and Aaron, and Abraham and Lot. There are different hadiths according to which the Israelites martyred seventy prophets in one day. | ||
==Prophets with Books and Shari'a== | ==Prophets with Books and Shari'a== | ||
According to a [[hadith]] transmitted by [[Abu Dhar]] from [[the Prophet (s)]], God sent about | According to a [[hadith]] transmitted by [[Abu Dhar]] from [[the Prophet (s)]], God sent about one hundred scriptures (Sahifa) and 4 books to prophets: fifty scriptures to Seth, thirty scriptures to Idris, twenty scriptures to Abraham, the Torah to Moses, the [[Zabur]] to David, the Gospel to Jesus, and the Qur'an to Muhammad, peace be upon them. The Qur'an does not point to the name of Abraham’s book and only refers to it as Abraham’s scriptures ("Suhuf Ibrahim"). | ||
According to the verse | According to the verse thirteen of [[Sura Shura]], Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad had their own [[shari'a]]. Some scholars believe that these prophets are [[Ulu l-'Azm]] just because they had shari'as. According to [['Allama Tabataba'i]], the first divine book and shari'a were revealed to Noah. | ||
==Different Rankings of Prophets== | ==Different Rankings of Prophets== | ||
According to the verse | According to the verse fifty-five of [[Sura al-Isra']], prophets have different rankings. According to some hadiths, the Prophet of Islam and his [[Twelve Imams|Twelve Successors]] are superior to other prophets. | ||
===Superiority to Angels=== | ===Superiority to Angels=== | ||
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==Prophets with the Position of Imamate== | ==Prophets with the Position of Imamate== | ||
According to the [[Trial of Ibrahim (a) Verse]], some prophets had the position of [[imamate]] as well. In verses | According to the [[Trial of Ibrahim (a) Verse]], some prophets had the position of [[imamate]] as well. In verses sixty-nine to seventy-three of Sura al-Anbiya', Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Lot are introduced as Imams. According to a [[hadith]] from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], all Ulu l-'Azm prophets had the position of imamate as well. | ||
==Ulu l-'Azm Prophets== | ==Ulu l-'Azm Prophets== | ||