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Sura al-Tawba: Difference between revisions
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==Well-Known Verses== | ==Well-Known Verses== | ||
{{Main|Verses of Repudiation}} | {{Main|Verses of Repudiation}} | ||
{{center|'''{{ia|بَرَاءَةٌ مِّنَ اللَّـهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدتُّم مِّنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ﴿١﴾ فَسِيحُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّـهِ ۙ وَأَنَّ اللَّـهَ مُخْزِي الْكَافِرِينَ ﴿٢﴾ }}'''}} | |||
{{pull quote | |||
"[This is] a [declaration of] repudiation by Allah and His Apostle [addressed] to the polytheists with whom you had made a treaty: (1) Travel [unmolested] in the land for four months, but know that you cannot frustrate Allah, and that Allah shall disgrace the faithless. | |{{center|"[This is] a [declaration of] repudiation by Allah and His Apostle [addressed] to the polytheists with whom you had made a treaty: (1) Travel [unmolested] in the land for four months, but know that you cannot frustrate Allah, and that Allah shall disgrace the faithless. (2)}} | ||
|author=Qur'an 9:1-2}} | |||
The opening verses of Sura al-Tawba are called Verses of Repudiation or Baraʿa Verses, in which the ultimate rulings about the relations between [[Muslim]]s and [[polytheists]] are issued.<ref>Mughnīya, ''Tafsīr al-Kāshif'', vol. 4, p. 8.</ref> In these verses, [[God]] commands the Prophet (s) and Muslims to publicly declare their repudiation of polytheists, to exit the treaties they had made with them, and to declare war against them if they do not convert to Islam.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 5, p. 5; Mughnīya, ''Tafsīr al-Kāshif'', vol. 4, p. 8; Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 7, p. 282.</ref> The verses were declared to polytheists on the day of [[Eid al-Adha]] by Imam ʿAli (a).<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 76.</ref> | The opening verses of Sura al-Tawba are called Verses of Repudiation or Baraʿa Verses, in which the ultimate rulings about the relations between [[Muslim]]s and [[polytheists]] are issued.<ref>Mughnīya, ''Tafsīr al-Kāshif'', vol. 4, p. 8.</ref> In these verses, [[God]] commands the Prophet (s) and Muslims to publicly declare their repudiation of polytheists, to exit the treaties they had made with them, and to declare war against them if they do not convert to Islam.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 5, p. 5; Mughnīya, ''Tafsīr al-Kāshif'', vol. 4, p. 8; Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 7, p. 282.</ref> The verses were declared to polytheists on the day of [[Eid al-Adha]] by Imam ʿAli (a).<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 76.</ref> | ||
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===Verse of Siqayat al-Hajj=== | ===Verse of Siqayat al-Hajj=== | ||
{{Main|Verse of Siqayat al-Hajj}} | {{Main|Verse of Siqayat al-Hajj}} | ||
{{center|'''{{ia|أَجَعَلْتُمْ سِقَايَةَ الْحَاجِّ وَعِمَارَةَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ كَمَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّـهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَجَاهَدَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّـهِ ۚ لَا يَسْتَوُونَ عِندَ اللَّـهِ ۗ وَاللَّـهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ}}'''}} | |||
{{pull quote | |||
"Do you regard the providing of water to Hajj pilgrims and the maintenance of the Holy Mosque as similar [in worth] to someone who has faith in Allah and [believes in] the Last Day and wages jihad in the way of Allah? They are not equal with Allah, and Allah does not guide the wrongdoing lot. | |{{center|"Do you regard the providing of water to Hajj pilgrims and the maintenance of the Holy Mosque as similar [in worth] to someone who has faith in Allah and [believes in] the Last Day and wages jihad in the way of Allah? They are not equal with Allah, and Allah does not guide the wrongdoing lot.}} | ||
|author=Qur'an 9:19}} | |||
In [[Shia]] and Sunni sources, there are many [[hadith]]s about the occasion of the [[revelation]] of this verse.<ref>Shūshtarī, ''Iḥqāq al-ḥaqq'', vol. 3, p. 122.</ref> According to one hadith, which is deemed the most accurate by ''[[Tafsir-i nimuna]]'',<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 7, p. 321.</ref> a dispute occurred between Shayba and [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]], the Prophet’s uncle. ʿAbbas boasted about his position of [[Siqayat al-Hajj|“siqaya”]] (provision of water for hajj pilgrims) and Shayba boasted about his position of holding the [[Ka'ba]]’s key. Imam ʿAli (a) entered and said that his honor was his early faith and jihad in the way of God. ʿAbbas was angered and complained to the Prophet (s). When Imam ʿAli (a) went to the Prophet (s), the above verse was revealed, in which faith and jihad are said to be superior.<ref>Ḥākim al-Ḥaskānī, ''Shawāhid al-tanzīl'', vol. 1, p. 320-330.</ref> | In [[Shia]] and Sunni sources, there are many [[hadith]]s about the occasion of the [[revelation]] of this verse.<ref>Shūshtarī, ''Iḥqāq al-ḥaqq'', vol. 3, p. 122.</ref> According to one hadith, which is deemed the most accurate by ''[[Tafsir-i nimuna]]'',<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 7, p. 321.</ref> a dispute occurred between Shayba and [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]], the Prophet’s uncle. ʿAbbas boasted about his position of [[Siqayat al-Hajj|“siqaya”]] (provision of water for hajj pilgrims) and Shayba boasted about his position of holding the [[Ka'ba]]’s key. Imam ʿAli (a) entered and said that his honor was his early faith and jihad in the way of God. ʿAbbas was angered and complained to the Prophet (s). When Imam ʿAli (a) went to the Prophet (s), the above verse was revealed, in which faith and jihad are said to be superior.<ref>Ḥākim al-Ḥaskānī, ''Shawāhid al-tanzīl'', vol. 1, p. 320-330.</ref> | ||
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===Verse of Jizya=== | ===Verse of Jizya=== | ||
{{Main|Verse of Jizya}} | {{Main|Verse of Jizya}} | ||
{{center|'''{{ia|قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّـهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّـهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّىٰ يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَن يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ}}'''}} | |||
{{pull quote | |||
"Fight those who do not have faith in Allah nor [believe] in the Last Day, nor forbid what Allah and His Apostle have forbidden, nor practise the true religion, from among those who were given the Book, until they pay the tribute out of hand, degraded. | |{{center|"Fight those who do not have faith in Allah nor [believe] in the Last Day, nor forbid what Allah and His Apostle have forbidden, nor practise the true religion, from among those who were given the Book, until they pay the tribute out of hand, degraded.}} | ||
|author=Qur'an 9:29}} | |||
===Verse of | ===Verse of "Do Not Grieve"=== | ||
{{Main|Verse of La Tahzan}} | {{Main|Verse of La Tahzan}} | ||
{{center|'''{{ia|...إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ مَعَنَا ۖ فَأَنزَلَ اللَّـهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَّمْ تَرَوْهَا}}'''}} | |||
{{pull quote | |||
"...when the two of them were in the cave, he said to his companion, ‘Do not grieve; Allah is indeed with us.’ Then Allah sent down His composure upon him, and strengthened him with hosts you did not see | |{{center|"...when the two of them were in the cave, he said to his companion, ‘Do not grieve; Allah is indeed with us.’ Then Allah sent down His composure upon him, and strengthened him with hosts you did not see.}} | ||
|author=Qur'an 9:40}} | |||
The Verse of | The Verse of "La Tahzan" or "do not grieve" concerns the [[Prophet's migration from Mecca to Medina]].<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 7, p. 419.</ref> When the Prophet (s) learned about the plot for his murder through revelation, he and Abu Bakr left [[Mecca]] toward [[Yathrib]] through a detour until they arrive in [[Thawr Cave]], where they hid.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 2, p. 126-129; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 227-229.</ref> | ||
===Verse of Ear=== | ===Verse of Ear=== | ||
{{Main|Al-Udhun Verse}} | {{Main|Al-Udhun Verse}} | ||
{{center|'''{{ia|وَمِنْهُمُ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ النَّبِيَّ وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ أُذُنٌ ۚ قُلْ أُذُنُ خَيْرٍ لَّكُمْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّـهِ وَيُؤْمِنُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَرَحْمَةٌ لِّلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنكُمْ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّـهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ}}'''}} | |||
{{pull quote | |||
"Among them are those who torment the Prophet, and say, ‘He is an ear.’ Say, ‘An ear that is good for you. He has faith in Allah and trusts the faithful, and is a mercy for those of you who have faith.’ As for those who torment the Apostle of Allah, there is a painful punishment for them. | |{{center|"Among them are those who torment the Prophet, and say, ‘He is an ear.’ Say, ‘An ear that is good for you. He has faith in Allah and trusts the faithful, and is a mercy for those of you who have faith.’ As for those who torment the Apostle of Allah, there is a painful punishment for them.}} | ||
|author=Qur'an 9:61}} | |||
===Al-Sadiqin Verse=== | ===Al-Sadiqin Verse=== | ||
{{Main|Al-Sadiqin Verse}} | {{Main|Al-Sadiqin Verse}} | ||
{{center|'''{{ia|يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ وَكُونُوا مَعَ الصَّادِقِينَ}}'''}} | |||
{{pull quote | |||
"O you who have faith! Be wary of Allah, and be with the Truthful | |{{center|"O you who have faith! Be wary of Allah, and be with the Truthful.}} | ||
|author=Qur'an 9:119}} | |||
There are disagreements among Quranic exegetes over what is meant by “Sadiqin” (the truthful). Some Sunni exegetes believe that it refers to the Prophet (s) and his companions, but Shiite exegetes cite hadiths to show that it refers to [[Infallible Imams]].<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 8, p. 181-183.</ref> | There are disagreements among Quranic exegetes over what is meant by “Sadiqin” (the truthful). Some Sunni exegetes believe that it refers to the Prophet (s) and his companions, but Shiite exegetes cite hadiths to show that it refers to [[Infallible Imams]].<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 8, p. 181-183.</ref> | ||
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===Nafr Verse=== | ===Nafr Verse=== | ||
{{Main|Al-Nafr Verse}} | {{Main|Al-Nafr Verse}} | ||
{{center|'''{{ia|وَمَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنفِرُوا كَافَّةً ۚ فَلَوْلَا نَفَرَ مِن كُلِّ فِرْقَةٍ مِّنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ لِّيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِي الدِّينِ وَلِيُنذِرُوا قَوْمَهُمْ إِذَا رَجَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَحْذَرُونَ}}'''}} | |||
{{pull quote | |||
"Yet it is not for the faithful to go forth en masse. But why should not there a group from each of their sections go forth to become learned in religion, and to warn their people when they return to them, so that they may beware? | |{{center|"Yet it is not for the faithful to go forth en masse. But why should not there a group from each of their sections go forth to become learned in religion, and to warn their people when they return to them, so that they may beware?}} | ||
|author=Qur'an 9:122}} | |||
Verse 122 of Sura al-Tawba is known as the Verse of Nafr. The verse is said to be Quranic evidence for the obligation of learning, the reliability or authoritativeness of [[Khabar al-Wahid]]<ref>Ākhund Khurāsānī, ''Kifāyat al-uṣūl'', p. 298-299.</ref> and [[fatwa]]s issued by [[mujtahid]]s.<ref>Khoeī, ''al-Tanqīḥ'', p. 66.</ref> | Verse 122 of Sura al-Tawba is known as the Verse of Nafr. The verse is said to be Quranic evidence for the obligation of learning, the reliability or authoritativeness of [[Khabar al-Wahid]]<ref>Ākhund Khurāsānī, ''Kifāyat al-uṣūl'', p. 298-299.</ref> and [[fatwa]]s issued by [[mujtahid]]s.<ref>Khoeī, ''al-Tanqīḥ'', p. 66.</ref> | ||