Hadith al-Bad'a: Difference between revisions

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[[Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti]], a Sunni [[exegete]] of the [[Quran]], believes that there is an agreement between Shias and Sunnis about the authenticity of the hadith.<ref>Suyūṭī, ''al-Thughūr al-bāsima'', p. 67.</ref> Fakhr al-Razi, another Sunni exegete of the Quran, cites the hadith in his interpretations of certain Quranic [[verse]]s.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 9, p. 160, under the Qur'an 7:189; vol. 30, p.126, under the 43:15 and the Qur'an 7-:19.</ref>

"Bad'a" or "bid'a" means part of the body.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 8, p. 12; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Nihāya fī gharīb al-ḥadīth'', vol. 1, p. 133.</ref> Thus, when it is said that "such and such a person is bad'a minni [part of my body]" it implies the intimacy or closeness of that person to the speaker as if he or she is part of his body.<ref>Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī, ''Mufradāt alfāẓ al-Qurʾān'', p.129.</ref> The phrase "bad'a minni" appears in the words of the Prophet (s) about Imam 'Ali (a)<ref>Baḥrānī, ''al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 261.</ref> and [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] as well.<ref>Fattāl al-Nayshābūrī, ''Rawḍat al-wāʿiẓīn'', p. 233; Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 583, 588.</ref>

*'''Infallibility of Lady Fatima (a):''' theologians have cited this hadith as evidence for the [[infallibility]] of Lady Fatima (a).<ref>Sayyid Murtaḍā. ''al-Shāfī fī al-imāma'', vol. 4, p. 95; Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 16, p. 273; ʿĪjī, ''al-Mawāqif fī ʿilm al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 597.</ref> According to [[Ayatollah Subhani]], a Shiite scholar (b. 1929), these hadiths say that Fatima's (a) delight and anger are criteria for the delight and anger of God and His Apostle. Since God is not delighted except by righteous deeds and is never satisfied by sins and disobedience, then if Lady Fatima (a) sinned, she would then be delighted by what angered God, while Hadith al-Bad'a ties God's delight with her delight.<ref>Subḥānī, ''Pazhūhishī dar shinākht wa ʾiṣmat-i Imām'', p. 27.</ref>

*'''Lady Fatima's (a) superiority over all women of the world:''' [[Shahab al-Din al-Alusi]], a Sunni exegete of the Quran (d. 1270/1853-4), cites this hadith in his [[Tafsir|interpretation]] of the Quranic verse "And when the angels said, 'O Mary, Allah has chosen you and purified you, and He has chosen you above the world's women"<ref>Qur'an 3:42.</ref> to show that Lady Fatima (a) was superior to all women, including Mary (a).<ref>Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 3, p.155.</ref>