Fatimiyya: Difference between revisions

'''Fāṭimīyya''' (Arabic:{{ia|الفاطمية}}) is an adjectival term referring to the anniversary of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra]]'s [[martyrdom]], during which [[Shi'a]] community holds [[mourning session]]s and rituals.

According to different historical reports within Shi'a traditions, several dates have been recorded for this incident. Among [[Iraq|Iraqi]] Shi'as, especially in [[Najaf]], three different days, and in [[Iran]] two days of the year, are held as the anniversary of her martyrdom. Out of different historical accounts, [[Jumada II 3|third of Jumada II]] is regarded as more reliable; hence, it is an official holy day in [[Iran]], as an occasion for mourning and [[lamentation]].

Iraqi Shi'as hold ceremonies in three of these reports: forty days after the demise of the Prophet (s) ([[Rabi' II 8]]), seventy-five days after it ([[Jumada I 13]]), and ninety-five days ([[Jumada II 3]]). [[Iran|Iranian]] Shi'a, however, hold ceremonies in two last ones, which are called the ''First Fatimiyya" and the ''Second Fatimiyya," respectively.

According to what [[Abu Basir]] has narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a) was martyred on Tuesday, the third of Jumada II.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Dalāʾil al-imāma'', p. 134.</ref> This occasion has been revitalized after the establishment of the [[Islamic Seminary of Qom|Islamic Seminary in Qom]] by [[Shaykh 'Abd al-Karim Ha'iri]].<ref>Raḍawī, ''Ḥāj shaykh ʿAbd al-Karīm Ḥā'irī wa sāmān dādan bi tablīghāt-i dīnī'', p. 151-154.</ref>

There is no specific period in Shi'a tradition for mourning, and the popular titles of the "first 10 days" or the "second 10 days" of Fatimiyya in recent years have followed the tradition of the "[[first 10 days of Muharram]]", and no hadith or tradition is recommending it. The great position of the Prophet's (s) daughter, her martyrdom defending [[Imam Ali (a)]], and her hardships are the reasons behind this tradition among Shi'a.<ref>Tabrīzī, ''Sīra-yi Mīrzā Jawād Tabrīzī'', p. 88-92; Mazāhirī, ''Andīshahā-yi nāb'', p. 103.</ref>

The time of these two 10-day periods is different in different cities but, usually according to the 75-day report, the second 10 days of  [[Jumada I]] (from 10th to 20th of  Jumada I) is called the "first 10-days" and based on the 95-day report, the first 10-days of [[Jumada II]] (from 10th to 20th of Jumada II) is called the "second 10-days" of Fatimiyya.<ref>[http://www.soalcity.ir/node/545 When "Fatimiyya" starts? (Persian)]</ref> Some grand [[Shi'a authorities]] has advised that in both 10-day Fatimiyya, three days should be dedicated to [[mourning ceremonies]] so that mourning ceremonies should be held on 13th, 14th, and 15th of Jumada I in the first Fatimiyya time and 1st, 2nd and [[Jumada II 3|3rd]] of Jumada II in the second Fatimiyya period.<ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13930101001191/نظر-مراجع-و-علما-در-مورد-تقارن-ایام-فاطمیه-با-جشن-نوروز The idea of the Maraji' about the coincidence of Fatimiyya and Nowruz. (Persian)]</ref>