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'''''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī''''' (Arabic:تفسیر العیاشی), written by [[Muhammad b. Mas'ud al-'Ayyashi]] (d. [[320]]/932-933), is among the [[Shi'a]] [[Hadith-Based Quranic Exegesis]]es. The author was one of the great Shi'a [[hadith]] scholars, living contemporary with [[al-Kulayni]] during the [[ | '''''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī''''' (Arabic:تفسیر العیاشی), written by [[Muhammad b. Mas'ud al-'Ayyashi]] (d. [[320]]/932-933), is among the [[Shi'a]] [[Hadith-Based Quranic Exegesis]]es. The author was one of the great Shi'a [[hadith]] scholars, living contemporary with [[al-Kulayni]] during the [[Minor occultation]] period. Same as ''[[Tafsir al-Qummi]]'' and ''[[Tafsir Furat al-Kufi]]'', the exegetical method of this commentary on the [[Qur'an]] is based on hadiths. | ||
==Introducing the book== | ==Introducing the book== | ||
''Tafsir al-'Ayyashi'', belonging to the [[ | ''Tafsir al-'Ayyashi'', belonging to the [[Minor occultation]] period ([[260]]/874 -[[329]]/941), is of the old [[Twelver Shi'a]] [[exegesis]]es. Same as other exegesises of that period, it interprets the [[verse]]s by means of related [[hadith]]s. Still it enjoys a [[Jurisprudence|Jurisprudential]] aspect more than other contemporary Shi'a exegesises, such as ''[[Tafsir al-Qummi]]'' and ''[[Tafsir Furat al-Kufi]]'', owing to the author's attentive consideration of [[Ayat al-Ahkam]] | ||
===The loss of parts of the book=== | ===The loss of parts of the book=== | ||
According to what is transmitted from this exegesis to the later writings, most likely the book originally included the interpretation of the whole [[Qur'an]], but only a part of the first volume (from the beginning of [[Sura al-Hamd]] until the end of [[Sura al-Kahf]] still survives. | According to what is transmitted from this exegesis to the later writings, most likely the book originally included the interpretation of the whole [[Qur'an]], but only a part of the first volume (from the beginning of [[Sura al-Hamd]] until the end of [[Sura al-Kahf]] still survives. | ||
Exegesis scholars have used and narrated [[hadith]] from this book, which was originally written in two volumes. In his book, ''[[Shawahid al-tanzil]]'', [[Hakim al- | Exegesis scholars have used and narrated [[hadith]] from this book, which was originally written in two volumes. In his book, ''[[Shawahid al-tanzil]]'', [[Hakim al-Haskani]] has narrated about 30 hadiths from it. Likewise, [[Fadl b. Hasan al-Tabrasi|al-Shaykh al-Tabrasi]] has narrated about 70 hadiths from both volumes of this book. [[Al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] says that he has seen two copies of this exegesis. The second volume of the book is lost ever since. [[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] counts six different manuscript and printed copies of the first volume. | ||
==The position of the book and the author== | ==The position of the book and the author== | ||
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==Characteristics== | ==Characteristics== | ||
In a short introduction to his book, al-'Ayyashi has mentioned some [[hadith]]s about the merits of the [[Qur'an]], abandoning the hadiths in contradiction to the Qur'an, reproaching the interpretation of the Qur'an according to one's own idea, studying the Qur'anic sciences; such as [[Naskh]] (the abrogating and abrogated [verses]) , [[al-Zahir and al-Batin]], [[al-Muhkam and al-Mutashabih]], and the necessity of consulting the [[infallible Imams (a)]] for understanding and interpreting the Qur'an. | In a short introduction to his book, al-'Ayyashi has mentioned some [[hadith]]s about the merits of the [[Qur'an]], abandoning the hadiths in contradiction to the Qur'an, reproaching the interpretation of the Qur'an according to one's own idea, studying the Qur'anic sciences; such as [[Naskh]] (the abrogating and abrogated [verses]) , [[al-Zahir and al-Batin]], [[al-Muhkam and al-Mutashabih]] (decisive and allegorical words), and the necessity of consulting the [[infallible Imams (a)]] for understanding and interpreting the Qur'an. | ||
Conforming to other | Conforming to other Shi'a exegesis works in that period, the author has stated some hadiths regarding the virtues of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] and the vices of their enemies, and has sought to promote the [[Imami]] beliefs and doctrines. | ||
The distinction between exegesis of al-'Ayyashi and ''[[Tafsir al-Qummi]]'' or ''[[Tafsir Furat al-Kufi]]'' (other exegesises of the early centuries based on hadiths) is al-'Ayyashi's special respect for the [[Jurisprudence|Jurisprudential]] aspects of [[Ayat al-Ahkam]]. He has also attended the [[Islamic theology]] and Shi'a and none-Shi'a sects, and remarked some hadiths considering these issues. | The distinction between exegesis of al-'Ayyashi and ''[[Tafsir al-Qummi]]'' or ''[[Tafsir Furat al-Kufi]]'' (other exegesises of the early centuries [[Hadith-Based Quranic Exegesis|based on hadiths]]) is al-'Ayyashi's special respect for the [[Jurisprudence|Jurisprudential]] aspects of [[Ayat al-Ahkam]]. He has also attended the [[Islamic theology]] and Shi'a and none-Shi'a sects, and remarked some hadiths considering these issues. | ||
The author has omitted the transmitters of the hadiths, as he has explained in the introduction, due to briefness of the book and convenience of scribers, and to represent the book by one who has received it from the author | The author has omitted the transmitters of the hadiths, as he has explained in the introduction, due to briefness of the book and convenience of scribers, and to represent the book by one who has received it from the author, through listening or permission, in a proper chance. | ||
==The printings of the commentary== | ==The printings of the commentary== | ||
# The printing of Maktaba al-Islamiya, [[Tehran]], [[1380]]/1961 | # The printing of Maktaba al-Islamiya, [[Tehran]], [[1380]]/1961 | ||
# The printing of Mr. [[Sayyid Hashim Rasuli Mahallati]] in 2 volumes, with an introduction by [['Allama Tabataba'i]]. | # The printing of Mr. [[Sayyid Hashim Rasuli Mahallati]] in 2 volumes, with an introduction by [['Allama Tabataba'i]]. | ||
# The printing of Bi'that Institute in 3 volumes, [[Qom]], [[1421]]/2001. In this printing 116 lost | # The printing of Bi'that Institute in 3 volumes, [[Qom]], [[1421]]/2001. In this printing 116 lost hadiths which have been related in other Shi'a and none-Shi'a books are compiled, and al-'Ayyashi's means to other transmitters of hadith are mentioned. | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||