Tafsir al-Ayyashi (book): Difference between revisions

'''''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī''''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|تفسیر العیاشی}}), written by [[Muhammad b. Mas'ud al-'Ayyashi]] (d. [[320]]/932-933), is among the [[Shi'a]] [[Hadith-Based Quranic Exegesis]]es. The author was one of the great Shi'a [[hadith]] scholars, living contemporary with [[al-Kulayni]] during the [[Minor occultation]] period. Same as ''[[Tafsir al-Qummi]]'' and ''[[Tafsir Furat al-Kufi]]'', the exegetical method of this commentary on the [[Qur'an]] is based on hadiths.

''Tafsir al-'Ayyashi'', belonging to the [[Minor occultation]] period ([[260]]/874 -[[329]]/941), is of the old [[Twelver Shi'a]] [[exegesis]]es. Same as other exegesises of that period, it interprets the [[verse]]s by means of related [[hadith]]s. Still it enjoys a [[Jurisprudence|Jurisprudential]] aspect more than other contemporary Shi'a exegesises, such as ''[[Tafsir al-Qummi]]'' and ''[[Tafsir Furat al-Kufi]]'', owing to the author's attentive consideration of [[Ayat al-Ahkam]]

According to what is transmitted from this exegesis to the later writings, most likely the book originally included the interpretation of the whole [[Qur'an]], but only a part of the first volume (from the beginning of [[Sura al-Hamd]] until the end of [[Sura al-Kahf]] still survives.

Exegesis scholars have used and narrated [[hadith]] from this book, which was originally written in two volumes. In his book, ''[[Shawahid al-tanzil]]'', [[Hakim al-Haskani]] has narrated about 30 hadiths from it. Likewise, [[Fadl b. Hasan al-Tabrasi|al-Shaykh al-Tabrasi]] has narrated about 70 hadiths from both volumes of this book. [[Al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] says that he has seen two copies of this exegesis. The second volume of the book is lost ever since. [[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] counts six different manuscript and printed copies of the first volume.

{{Main|Muhammad b. Mas'ud al-'Ayyashi}}

Although both [[Shi'a]] and [[sunni]] [[rijal]] scholars and biographers have acclaimed al-'Ayyashi and presented him as one of the greatest Shi'a scholars in [[fiqh]] and [[hadith]], some have criticized him for his widely narrating from unreliable hadith transmitters. Many Shi'a scholars such as [[al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani]] in his commentary on the Qur'an ''[[al-Burhan fi tafsir al-Qur'an|al-Burhan]]'', [[al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] in ''[[Bihar al-Anwar]]'', and [[al-Fayd al-Kashani]] in ''[[Tafsir al-Safi]]'' have largely quoted from this book. [['Allama Tabataba'i]] has written a preface for this book, stating the significance and great position of this [[exegesis]].

The author has omitted the transmitters of the hadiths, as he has explained in the introduction, due to briefness of the book and convenience of scribers, and to represent the book by one who has received it from the author, through listening or permission, in a proper chance.

# The printing of Maktaba al-Islamiya, [[Tehran]], [[1380]]/1961

# The printing of Mr. [[Sayyid Hashim Rasuli Mahallati]] in 2 volumes, with an introduction by [['Allama Tabataba'i]].

# The printing of Bi'that Institute in 3 volumes, [[Qom]], [[1421]]/2001. In this printing 116 lost hadiths which have been related in other Shi'a and none-Shi'a books are compiled, and al-'Ayyashi's means to other transmitters of hadith are mentioned.

{{Exegesis}}

{{Hadith Sources}}

[[Category:Exegesis]]