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Imam Ja'far b. Muhammad al-Sadiq (a): Difference between revisions
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==Martyrdom== | ==Martyrdom== | ||
{{Map of al-Baqi'}} | {{Map of al-Baqi'}} | ||
His martyrdom is reported to | His martyrdom is reported to have been in [[148]]/[[765 CE|765]] in Medina.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 180.</ref> Ibn Qutayba al-Dinawari has recorded his demise in 146 AH,<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, ''Al-Maʿārif'', 1992 CE, p. 215.</ref> which is considered an error.<ref>Pākatchī, " Imām Jaʿfar Ṣādiq (a)", p. 187.</ref> | ||
There is a disagreement about the day and the month of the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a). The famous viewpoint of earlier Shia scholars is that it was | There is a disagreement about the day and the month of the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a). The famous viewpoint of earlier Shia scholars is that it was in Shawwal, but the day is not mentioned in earlier sources.{{cn}} However, later sources considered [[Shawwal 25]] ([[December 14]], [[765 CE|765]]) as the day of his martyrdom.<ref>Pākatchī, " Imām Jaʿfar Ṣādiq (a)", p. 187.</ref> In contrast to the famous viewpoint, it is quoted form ''[[Misbah al-Kaf'ami (book)|Misbah al-Kaf'ami]]'' in ''[[Bihar al-Anwar]]'' that Imam al-Sadiq (a) was martyred in [[Rajab 15]], but this report is not found in ''Misbah al-Kaf'ami''. <ref>See: Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', 1403 AH, vol. 47, p. 2.</ref> | ||
[[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] clearly states that the Imam (a) was poisoned by [[al-Mansur al-Dawaniqi]] and passed away as a result.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Iʿtiqādāt'', p. 98.</ref> [[Ibn Shahrashub]] in his ''[[al-Manaqib]]'', [[Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari al-Saghir|al-Tabari al-Saghir]] in ''[[Dala'il al-imama (book)|Dala'il al-imama]]'' and [[ | [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] clearly states that the Imam (a) was poisoned by [[al-Mansur al-Dawaniqi]] and passed away as a result.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Iʿtiqādāt'', p. 98.</ref> [[Ibn Shahrashub]] in his ''[[al-Manaqib]]'', [[Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari al-Saghir|al-Tabari al-Saghir]] in ''[[Dala'il al-imama (book)|Dala'il al-imama]]'' and [[al-Sayyid b. Tawus]] in his ''[[Iqbal al-a'mal (book)|Iqbal]]'' also expressed the same statement.<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', 1379 AH, vol. 4, p. 280; Ṭabarī, ''Dalāʾil al-imāma'', 1413 AH, p. 246; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl'', 1414 AH, vol. 1, p. 214.</ref> Yet [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] held that ther there is no decisive reason how he was martyred.<ref>Mufīd, ''Taṣḥīḥ al-'iʿtiqād'', 1413 AH, p. 131-32.</ref> | ||
He was buried in the [[al-Baqi' Cemetery]] beside his father, [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]], his grandfather [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] and his uncle [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]].<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 210; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 180.</ref> | He was buried in the [[al-Baqi' Cemetery]] beside his father, [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]], his grandfather [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] and his uncle [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]].<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 210; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 180.</ref> | ||
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Many hadiths indicate that Imam al-Sadiq (a) introduced Imam al-Kazim (a) as his successor and the executor of his will to his close companions several times.<ref>Kashshī, ''Rijāl'', p. 282, 283.</ref> However, because of the persecutions of the Abbasids and to protect the life of Imam al-Kazim (a), the Imam (a) mentioned five people in his will, including the Abbasid caliph, as its executors.<ref>Pīshwāyī, ''Sīra-yi pīshwāyān'', p. 414.</ref> | Many hadiths indicate that Imam al-Sadiq (a) introduced Imam al-Kazim (a) as his successor and the executor of his will to his close companions several times.<ref>Kashshī, ''Rijāl'', p. 282, 283.</ref> However, because of the persecutions of the Abbasids and to protect the life of Imam al-Kazim (a), the Imam (a) mentioned five people in his will, including the Abbasid caliph, as its executors.<ref>Pīshwāyī, ''Sīra-yi pīshwāyān'', p. 414.</ref> | ||
As a result, even some of the prominent companions of the Imam (a) became hesitant for a short time about who his successor was. Some of them first went to [['Abd Allah al-Aftah]] and asked him questions, but his answers did not convince them. Afterward, they met Imam al-Kazim (a) and were satisfied by his answers that he was the true successor of Imam al-Sadiq (a).<ref>Kashshī, ''Rijāl'', p. 282, 283.</ref> | As a result, even some of the prominent companions of the Imam (a) became hesitant for a short time about who his successor was. Some of them first went to [['Abd Allah al-Aftah]] and asked him questions, but his answers did not convince them. Afterward, they met Imam al-Kazim (a) and were satisfied by his answers implying that he was the true successor of Imam al-Sadiq (a).<ref>Kashshī, ''Rijāl'', p. 282, 283.</ref> | ||
===Schism among the Shi'a=== | ===Schism among the Shi'a=== | ||