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Imam Ja'far b. Muhammad al-Sadiq (a): Difference between revisions
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|martyrdom = [[Shawwal 25]], [[148]]/[[December 14]], [[765 CE|765]] | |martyrdom = [[Shawwal 25]], [[148]]/[[December 14]], [[765 CE|765]] | ||
|place of martyrdom = [[Medina]] | |place of martyrdom = [[Medina]] | ||
|cause of martyrdom = | |cause of martyrdom = poisoning | ||
|burial place = [[Al-Baqi' cemetery]],<br>{{Coord|24|28|1|N|39|36|50.21|E|type:landmark|display=inline}} | |burial place = [[Al-Baqi' cemetery]],<br>{{Coord|24|28|1|N|39|36|50.21|E|type:landmark|display=inline}} | ||
|predecessor = | |predecessor = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn (a)''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|جعفر بن محمد بن علي بن الحسین}}), (b. [[83]]/[[702 CE|702]] – d. [[148]]/[[765 CE|765]]) known as '''Imām al-Ṣādiq (a)''' ({{ia|الإمام الصادق}}), is the sixth [[Imam]] of [[ | '''Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn (a)''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|جعفر بن محمد بن علي بن الحسین}}), (b. [[83]]/[[702 CE|702]] – d. [[148]]/[[765 CE|765]]) known as '''Imām al-Ṣādiq (a)''' ({{ia|الإمام الصادق}}), is the sixth [[Imam]] of [[Imamiyya]] and the fifth Imam of [[Isam'ilis]]. His Imamate lasted 34 (lunar) years ([[114]]/733 - 148/765) and was concurrent with the reign of the last five [[Umayyad caliphs]] (that is, from [[Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik]] onwards) and with that of the first two [[Abbasid caliphs]], [[al-Saffah]] and [[al-Mansur al-Dawaniqi]]. Because of the weakness of the Umayyad rule at his time, Imam al-Sadiq (a) was able to have relatively wider scholarly activities. His companions, students, and those who quoted hadiths from him is said to have amounted to four-thousand people. Most of the hadiths of Ahl al-Bayt (a) recorded in Twelver Shiite hadith collections are from Imam al-Sadiq (a). This is why Imamiyya is called [[Ja'fari School]]. Imam al-Sadiq (a) has had a high status in the eyes of prominent [[Sunni]] scholars. [[Abu Hanifa]] and [[Malik b. Anas]] were among the people who quoted hadiths from him. | ||
Imam al-Sadiq (a) | Despite the weakness of the Umayyads and the requests from the Shi'a, Imam al-Sadiq (a) did not rise up against the caliphate. He rejected [[Abu Muslim al-Khurasani]] and Abu Salama, who asked him to become the caliph. He did not take part in the revolt of his uncle [[Zayd b. 'Ali]] either and discouraged the Shi'a from getting involved in any uprisings. However, he did not have good relations with the caliphs of his time either, and he had to do [[taqiyya]] because of their persecution. | ||
To facilitate his contacts with the Shi'a, Imam al-Sadiq (a) established the [[network of wikala]] (deputyship). The activities of this network continued and increasingly expanded until the end of the [[Minor Occultation]]. During Imam al-Sadiq's (a) time, the [[Ghulat]] became very active. The Imam (a) vehemently opposed them, declaring them [[Kufr|infidels]] or [[Shirk|polytheists]]. | |||
To facilitate his contacts with the Shi'a, Imam al-Sadiq (a) established the [[network of wikala]] (deputyship). The activities of this network continued and increasingly expanded until the end of the [[Minor Occultation]]. | |||
During Imam al-Sadiq's (a) time, the [[Ghulat]] became very active. The Imam (a) vehemently opposed them, declaring them infidels or polytheists. | |||
The Imam (a) was summoned several times to [[Baghdad]], and thus he traveled to [[Iraq]] and also visited [[Karbala]], [[Najaf]], and [[Kufa]]. He showed the grave of Imam Ali (a), which was previously unknown, to [[List of Companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)|his companions]]. | The Imam (a) was summoned several times to [[Baghdad]], and thus he traveled to [[Iraq]] and also visited [[Karbala]], [[Najaf]], and [[Kufa]]. He showed the grave of Imam Ali (a), which was previously unknown, to [[List of Companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)|his companions]]. | ||
Some Shiite scholars believe that Imam al-Sadiq (a) was poisoned by al-Mansur al-Dawaniqi and thus martyred. | Some Shiite scholars believe that Imam al-Sadiq (a) was poisoned by al-Mansur al-Dawaniqi and thus martyred. He introduced [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] to his companions as his successor, but to protect the life of Imam al-Kazim (a), he mentioned in his will five people, including al-Mansur, as the executors of his will. After the martyrdom of Imam Al-Sadiq (a), several sects appeared among the Shi'a, including [[Ismailis]], [[Fatahiyya]], and [[Nawusiyya]]. | ||
He introduced [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] to his companions as his successor, but to protect the life of Imam al-Kazim (a), he mentioned in his will five people, including al-Mansur, as the executors of his will. After the martyrdom of Imam Al-Sadiq (a), several sects appeared among the Shi'a, including [[Ismailis]], [[Fatahiyya]], and [[Nawusiyya]]. | |||
== Name, Lineage and Titles == | == Name, Lineage and Titles == | ||