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Tasu'a: Difference between revisions
correcting some references.
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=== Coming of Shimr to Karbala === | === Coming of Shimr to Karbala === | ||
On the day of Tasu'a, before noon, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] and 4000 soldiers entered [[Karbala]]<ref> | On the day of Tasu'a, before noon, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] and 4000 soldiers entered [[Karbala]]<ref>Kūfī, ''al-Futūḥ'', vol. 5, p. 94; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Mnāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 98.</ref> and brought a letter for [['Umar b. Sa'd]] from [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]]. In that letter, 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad had asked 'Umar b. Sa'd to either force Imam al-Husayn (a) to make [[allegiance]] to [[Yazid]] or fight him. | ||
'Ubayd Allah had also threatened 'Umar in the letter, that if he refuses the order, he had to withdraw from the command of the army and leave it to Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan.<ref> | 'Ubayd Allah had also threatened 'Umar in the letter, that if he refuses the order, he had to withdraw from the command of the army and leave it to Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan.<ref>Kūfī, ''al-Futūḥ'', vol. 5, p. 94; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Mnāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 98; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', p. 466.</ref> | ||
When 'Umar b. Sa'd read the letter, told Shimr, "I will not leave the command of the army to you since I do not see the competence in you; so, I will finish this myself and you shall be the commander of the foot soldiers."<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 183; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa al-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 415; Shaykh al-Mufīd, ''Al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 89.</ref> | When 'Umar b. Sa'd read the letter, told Shimr, "I will not leave the command of the army to you since I do not see the competence in you; so, I will finish this myself and you shall be the commander of the foot soldiers."<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 183; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa al-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 415; Shaykh al-Mufīd, ''Al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 89.</ref> | ||
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=== Safe-Conduct for the Children of Umm al-Banin === | === Safe-Conduct for the Children of Umm al-Banin === | ||
When Shimr took the letter of 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad, he was with [['Abd Allah b. Abi l-Mahal]], the nephew of [[Umm al-Banin]] and they asked 'Ubayd Allah for a safe-conduct for their nephews and 'Ubayd Allah accepted their request.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa | When Shimr took the letter of 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad, he was with [['Abd Allah b. Abi l-Mahal]], the nephew of [[Umm al-Banin]] and they asked 'Ubayd Allah for a safe-conduct for their nephews and 'Ubayd Allah accepted their request.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 415; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-Tārīkh'', p. 56.</ref> | ||
'Abd Allah b. Abi l-Mahal sent the safe-conduct to Karbala through his slave, Kazman or 'Irfan. After he arrived in Karbala, read the text of the safe-conduct for the sons of Umma al-Banin (a), but they refused it.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa | 'Abd Allah b. Abi l-Mahal sent the safe-conduct to Karbala through his slave, Kazman or 'Irfan. After he arrived in Karbala, read the text of the safe-conduct for the sons of Umma al-Banin (a), but they refused it.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 415; Kūfī, ''al-Futūḥ'', vol. 5, p. 93-94; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-Tārīkh'', p. 56.</ref> | ||
It is mentioned in another report that Shimr took the safe-conduct with himself to Karbala to 'Abbas (a) and his brothers [['Abd Allah b. 'Ali|'Abd Allah]], [[Ja'far b. 'Ali|Ja'far]] and [['Uthman b. 'Ali|'Uthman]].<ref>Ḥusaynī, ''ʿUmdat al-ṭālib fī ansāb Āl | It is mentioned in another report that Shimr took the safe-conduct with himself to Karbala to 'Abbas (a) and his brothers [['Abd Allah b. 'Ali|'Abd Allah]], [[Ja'far b. 'Ali|Ja'far]] and [['Uthman b. 'Ali|'Uthman]].<ref>Ḥusaynī, ''ʿUmdat al-ṭālib fī ansāb Āl Abī Ṭālib'', p. 327; Khawārazmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 1, p. 246.</ref> | ||
'Abbas (a) and his brothers were sitting with Imam al-Husayn (a) and did not answer Shimr. Imam (a) told 'Abbas (a), "Although he is a mischief-maker, but you answer him for he is one of your uncles." [['Abbas (a)]], 'Abd Allah, Ja'far and 'Uthman came out and asked Shimr, "What do you want?" Shimr told them, "you are my nephews; so, you are safe and free to go since I took a safe-conduct of you from 'Ubayd Allah." But, 'Abbas (a) and his brothers said, "May God curse you and your safe-conduct! We would be safe and the son of the Prophet's (s) daughter would not be safe?!"<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 183; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa al-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 416; Khawārazmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 1, p. 246.</ref> | 'Abbas (a) and his brothers were sitting with Imam al-Husayn (a) and did not answer Shimr. Imam (a) told 'Abbas (a), "Although he is a mischief-maker, but you answer him for he is one of your uncles." [['Abbas (a)]], 'Abd Allah, Ja'far and 'Uthman came out and asked Shimr, "What do you want?" Shimr told them, "you are my nephews; so, you are safe and free to go since I took a safe-conduct of you from 'Ubayd Allah." But, 'Abbas (a) and his brothers said, "May God curse you and your safe-conduct! We would be safe and the son of the Prophet's (s) daughter would not be safe?!"<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 183; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa al-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 416; Khawārazmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 1, p. 246.</ref> | ||
After rejecting the safe-conduct, the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd was ordered to prepare for the war; so, everyone got on his horse and prepared to fight [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his companions on the evening of Thursday, [[Muharram 9]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 184; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa | After rejecting the safe-conduct, the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd was ordered to prepare for the war; so, everyone got on his horse and prepared to fight [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his companions on the evening of Thursday, [[Muharram 9]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 184; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 416; Khawārazmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 1, p. 249.</ref> | ||
=== Preparation for the War === | === Preparation for the War === | ||
In the evening of Muharram 9, movements of the army of Kufa increased and 'Umar b. Sa'd prepared to fight with Imam al-Husayn (a) and ordered his army to prepare for the war. He shouted among his soldiers, "O the army of God! Got on [your horses] for I give you the good news of the Paradise!" The army of Kufa got on [their horses] and prepared for the battle.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 184; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa | In the evening of Muharram 9, movements of the army of Kufa increased and 'Umar b. Sa'd prepared to fight with Imam al-Husayn (a) and ordered his army to prepare for the war. He shouted among his soldiers, "O the army of God! Got on [your horses] for I give you the good news of the Paradise!" The army of Kufa got on [their horses] and prepared for the battle.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 184; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 416; Shaykh al-Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 89.</ref> | ||
The noise of the army raised. Imam (a) was sitting in front of his tent and leaned on his sword. Hearing the sound of the army of Kufa, Imam's (a) sister, [[Zaynab (a)]] came near brother and said, "O brother! Do you hear the sound of them approaching?" Imam (a) raised his head and said, "I met the [[Prophet (s)]] in my dream and he (s) told me, 'You will [soon] come to us." Imam (a) told 'Abbas (a), "O 'Abbas! May my life be sacrificed for you; sit on your horse and go to them and ask what they want and why they have come forth?" | The noise of the army raised. Imam (a) was sitting in front of his tent and leaned on his sword. Hearing the sound of the army of Kufa, Imam's (a) sister, [[Zaynab (a)]] came near brother and said, "O brother! Do you hear the sound of them approaching?" Imam (a) raised his head and said, "I met the [[Prophet (s)]] in my dream and he (s) told me, 'You will [soon] come to us." Imam (a) told 'Abbas (a), "O 'Abbas! May my life be sacrificed for you; sit on your horse and go to them and ask what they want and why they have come forth?" | ||
'Abbas (a) and twenty horsemen including [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] and [[Habib b. Muzahir]] went to the army of the enemy and asked, "What has happened and what do you want?" They answered, "It is an order of the commander to tell you that you either make allegiance or prepare for the war." 'Abbas (a) said, "Do not move until I go to Imam al-Husayn (a) and deliver your message to him." They accepted, so 'Abbas (a) went to Imam al-Husayn (a) alone and gave him the news.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 184-185; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa | 'Abbas (a) and twenty horsemen including [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] and [[Habib b. Muzahir]] went to the army of the enemy and asked, "What has happened and what do you want?" They answered, "It is an order of the commander to tell you that you either make allegiance or prepare for the war." 'Abbas (a) said, "Do not move until I go to Imam al-Husayn (a) and deliver your message to him." They accepted, so 'Abbas (a) went to Imam al-Husayn (a) alone and gave him the news.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 184-185; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 416-418; Khawārazmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 1, p. 249-250.</ref> | ||
Imam (a) told 'Abbas (a), "See if you can convince them to postpone the war to tomorrow and give us time for tonight so that we worship and pray to God; for He knows how much I love praying to Him and reciting [[Quran|His book]]."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa | Imam (a) told 'Abbas (a), "See if you can convince them to postpone the war to tomorrow and give us time for tonight so that we worship and pray to God; for He knows how much I love praying to Him and reciting [[Quran|His book]]."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 417; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-Tārīkh'', p. 57.</ref> | ||
During the time 'Abbas (a) was speaking with Imam (a), his companions, Habib b. Muzahir and Zuhayr b. Qayn used the opportunity and spoke with the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd and advised them not to war with Imam (a) and prevented them to come forth.<ref> | During the time 'Abbas (a) was speaking with Imam (a), his companions, Habib b. Muzahir and Zuhayr b. Qayn used the opportunity and spoke with the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd and advised them not to war with Imam (a) and prevented them to come forth.<ref>Kūfī, ''al-Futūḥ'', vol. 5, p. 98; Khawārazmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 1, p. 249-250; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 416-417.</ref> | ||
'Abbas (a) returned to the army of the enemy and delivered the request of Imam (a) to them and asked them to give them the night. 'Umar b. Sa'd agreed with the request of Imam al-Husayn (a) and his companions.<ref>Al-Kūfī, ''Al-Futūḥ'', vol. 5, p. 98; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa | 'Abbas (a) returned to the army of the enemy and delivered the request of Imam (a) to them and asked them to give them the night. 'Umar b. Sa'd agreed with the request of Imam al-Husayn (a) and his companions.<ref>Al-Kūfī, ''Al-Futūḥ'', vol. 5, p. 98; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 417.</ref> On that day, the tents of Imam al-Husayn (a), his family and his companions were surrounded. | ||
=== Hadith from Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a) === | === Hadith from Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a) === | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
*Kūfī, Ibn Aʿtham al-. ''Al-Futūḥ''. Edited by | *Kūfī, Ibn Aʿtham al-. ''Al-Futūḥ''. Edited by ʿAlī Shīrī. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 1991. | ||
*Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Edited by Iḥsān ʿAbbās. Beirut: Jamʿīyyat al-Mustashriqīn al-Amānīyya, 1979. | *Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Edited by Iḥsān ʿAbbās. Beirut: Jamʿīyyat al-Mustashriqīn al-Amānīyya, 1979. | ||
*Ibn 'Inaba, Aḥmad b. 'Alī b. al-Ḥusayn. ''ʿUmdat al-ṭālib fī ansāb Āl | *Ibn 'Inaba, Aḥmad b. 'Alī b. al-Ḥusayn. ''ʿUmdat al-ṭālib fī ansāb Āl Abī Ṭālib''. Qom: Anṣārīyān, 1417 AH. | ||
*Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Abī al-Karam. ''Al-Kāmil fī | *Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Abī al-Karam. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-Tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār Biyrūt, 1965. | ||
*Baṣrī, Muḥammad b. Saʿd b. Manīʿ al-. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad b. Ṣāmil. Taʿif: Maktabat al-Ṣiddīq, 1993. | *Baṣrī, Muḥammad b. Saʿd b. Manīʿ al-. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad b. Ṣāmil. Taʿif: Maktabat al-Ṣiddīq, 1993. | ||
*Ibn | *Ibn Shahrāshūb, Muhammad b. 'Alī. ''Mnāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib''. Qom: ʿAllāma, 1379 AH. | ||
*Khawārazmī, Muḥammad | *Khawārazmī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn''. Edited by Muḥammad al-Samāwī. Qom: Maktabat al-Mufīd. n.d. | ||
*Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. '' Al-Irshād fī maʿrifat ḥujaj Allāh ʿala l-ʿibād''. Qom: Kungira-yi Shaykh al-Mufīd, 1413 AH. | *Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. '' Al-Irshād fī maʿrifat ḥujaj Allāh ʿala l-ʿibād''. Qom: Kungira-yi Shaykh al-Mufīd, 1413 AH. | ||
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. | *Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr. ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk (Tārīkh al-Ṭabrī)''. Edited by Muḥammad b. Abū l-faḍl al-Ibrāhīm. Beirut: Dār al-Turāth, n.d. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||