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Hilf al-Fudul: Difference between revisions
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'''Ḥilf al-Fuḍūl''' (Arabic: حلف الفضول) was the name of a pact announced between some clans of [[Quraysh]] at the [[Age of Ignorance]], to support the oppressed in [[Mecca]]. [[Banu Hashim]] and [[Banu Muttalib]], | '''Ḥilf al-Fuḍūl''' (Arabic: حلف الفضول) was the name of a pact announced between some clans of [[Quraysh]] at the [[Age of Ignorance]], to support the oppressed in [[Mecca]]. [[Banu Hashim]] and [[Banu Muttalib]], [[Banu 'Abd Manaf]], Banu Zuhra b. Kilab, Banu Taym b. Murra and Banu Asad b. 'Abd al-'Uzza b. Qusay were the clans that followed the pact. After [[Bi'tha]], the holy [[Prophet (s)]] praised this effort. | ||
== Designation == | == Designation == | ||
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== Clans Involved== | == Clans Involved== | ||
[[Quraysh]] clans involved the making of this pact were: | [[Quraysh]] clans involved the making of this pact were: | ||
*[[ | * [[Banu Hashim]] | ||
*[[ | * [[Banu Muttalib]] | ||
* | * [[Banu ‘Abd Manaf]] | ||
*Banu Zuhra b. Kilab | * Banu Zuhra b. Kilab | ||
* Banu Taym b. Murra | * Banu Taym b. Murra | ||
*Banu Asad b. | * Banu Asad b. 'Abd al-'Uzza b. Qusay | ||
The name of Banu Harith b. Fihr has also been mentioned in records, but there is no consent on their presence in Hilf al-Fudul. Anyhow, the initiative and pioneering in Hilf al-Fudul belonged to Banu Hashim. | The name of Banu Harith b. Fihr has also been mentioned in records, but there is no consent on their presence in Hilf al-Fudul. Anyhow, the initiative and pioneering in Hilf al-Fudul belonged to Banu Hashim. | ||
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==After Islam== | ==After Islam== | ||
Since Hilf al-Fudul was established in order to defend the rights of the oppressed against oppressors, [[Islam]] could approve of it and even reinforced it. | Since Hilf al-Fudul was established in order to defend the rights of the oppressed against oppressors, [[Islam]] could approve of it and even reinforced it. | ||
It is narrated from the [[Prophet (s)]] that after [[Bi'tha]], he (s) said: | It is narrated from the [[Prophet (s)]] that after [[Bi'tha]], he (s) said: | ||
:“(together with my uncles) I witnessed a pact in the house of ‘Abd Allah b. Jud’an which I would not like to break it even if all red-hair camels are given to me and if today I was invited to it again, I would accept it.” | :“(together with my uncles) I witnessed a pact in the house of ‘Abd Allah b. Jud’an which I would not like to break it even if all red-hair camels are given to me and if today I was invited to it again, I would accept it.” | ||
The [[second caliph]] regarded the presence at Hilf al-Fudul a criterion for superiority of different tribes for receiving more provisions and budget. | The [[second caliph]] regarded the presence at Hilf al-Fudul a criterion for superiority of different tribes for receiving more provisions and budget. | ||
In one of the trips of [[Mu’awiya]] to [[Medina]], [[‘Abd Allah b, Zubayr]] told Mu’awiya that he was with [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] in Hilf al-Fudul and if one day Imam (a) asks him for help against Mu’awiya, he would help him. However Mu’awiya refused to accept it by mocking his account. | In one of the trips of [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan|Mu’awiya]] to [[Medina]], [[‘Abd Allah b, Zubayr]] told Mu’awiya that he was with [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] in Hilf al-Fudul and if one day Imam (a) asks him for help against Mu’awiya, he would help him. However Mu’awiya refused to accept it by mocking his account. | ||
In another event, after the martyrdom of Imam al-Hasan (a), when according to his will, Imam al-Husayn (a) wanted to bury him beside the grave of the holy Prophet (s), the [[Umayyad]] opposed it and he (a) turned to Hilf al-Fudul for assistance and even some tribes prepared to help him , but he (s) withdrew from taking action. | In another event, after the martyrdom of Imam al-Hasan (a), when according to his will, [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] wanted to bury him beside the grave of the holy Prophet (s), the [[Umayyad]] opposed it and he (a) turned to Hilf al-Fudul for assistance and even some tribes prepared to help him , but he (s) withdrew from taking action. | ||
Also, when [[Walid b. Utaba b. Abi Sufyan]], the Umayyad governor of [[Medina]] (from 57-60/676-679 & 61-62/680-681) ignored the right of Imam al-Husayn (a) regarding a property or state which belonged to Imam (a) and he (a) warned him that if he does not do justice towards Imam (a), he (a) will take his sword and will call people to Hilf al-Fudul. Following that event, some people expressed readiness for supporting Imam al-Husayn (a) and Walid , having no other options, gave him his rights. | Also, when [[Walid b. Utaba b. Abi Sufyan]], the Umayyad governor of [[Medina]] (from 57-60/676-679 & 61-62/680-681) ignored the right of Imam al-Husayn (a) regarding a property or state which belonged to Imam (a) and he (a) warned him that if he does not do justice towards Imam (a), he (a) will take his sword and will call people to Hilf al-Fudul. Following that event, some people expressed readiness for supporting Imam al-Husayn (a) and Walid , having no other options, gave him his rights. | ||
According to [[Jawad Ali]], maybe Imam (a) meant that he (a) would call people to a pact similar to Hilf al-Fudul and so it cannot be inferred from this story that Hilf al-Fudul had been valid until then. | According to [[Jawad 'Ali]], maybe Imam (a) meant that he (a) would call people to a pact similar to Hilf al-Fudul and so it cannot be inferred from this story that Hilf al-Fudul had been valid until then. | ||
[[Hisham b. Muhammad b. Sa’ib Kalbi]] (d. 204/819-820) wrote a book called Hilf al-Fudul. | [[Hisham b. Muhammad b. Sa’ib Kalbi]] (d. 204/819-820) wrote a book called Hilf al-Fudul. | ||
== | |||
==See also== | |||
* [[Hilf al-Mutayyabin]] | |||
* [[Hilf al-Ahlaf]] | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||