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Muhammad b. al-Imam al-Hadi (a): Difference between revisions
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{{ | <onlyinclude>{{Editorial Box | ||
{{Infobox | | priority = b | ||
| image = The shrine of Sayyid Muhammad b. Imam al-Hadi.jpg | | quality = b | ||
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| caption = Al-Sayyid Muhammad's mausoleum in the city of [[Balad]], 50 kilometers south of [[Samarra]] | | photo = done | ||
| Role = | | categories = done | ||
| Name = | | infobox = done | ||
| Epithet = Al-Sayyid Muhammad | | navbox = done | ||
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| | | references = | ||
| Demise = [[Jumada | | good article = | ||
| Place of burial = The city of | | featured article = | ||
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{{Infobox descendant of Imam | |||
| name = <!--default is the page name--> | |||
| image = The shrine of Sayyid Muhammad b. Imam al-Hadi.jpg | |||
| image_size = | |||
| Age = | | caption = Al-Sayyid Muhammad's mausoleum in the city of [[Balad]], 50 kilometers south of [[Samarra]] | ||
| Role = | |||
| Name = Muhammad b. 'Ali b. Muhammad | |||
| Kunya = Abu Ja'far | |||
| Epithet = Sabu' al-Dujayl | |||
| Well Known As = Al-Sayyid Muhammad | |||
| Religious Affiliation = [[Imammiyya]] | |||
| Father = [[Imam 'Ali b. Muhammad al-Hadi (a)]] | |||
| Mother = [[Hudayth]] (or Sulayl) | |||
| Birth = [[228]]/842-43 | |||
| Place of Birth = [[Sarya]] village near [[Medina]] | |||
| Place of Residence = Medina | |||
| Spouse(s) = | |||
| Children = | |||
| Demise = [[Jumada II 29]],[[252]]/[[July 21]], 866 | |||
| Place of burial = The city of Balad, 50 kilometers south of Samarra | |||
| Age = | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. al-Imam ʿAlī al-Hādī (a)''' (Arabic: {{ | '''Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. al-Imam ʿAlī al-Hādī (a)''' (Arabic: {{ia|أبوجعفر محمد بن الإمام علي الهادي}}, b.228/842-43 - d.252/866), known as '''al-Sayyid Muḥammad''' (Arabic: {{ia|السید محمد}}), and also known among the natives as '''Sabu' al-Dujayl''' (Arabic: {{ia|سبع الدُجَیل}}; the lion of Dujayl), was the senior son of [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]]. Because of his remarkable moral virtues, many [[Shiite]]s and others thought that he would inherit [[Imamate]] from Imam al-Hadi (a). However, his death during the life of his father refuted such ideas. | ||
Al-Sayyid Muhammad's mausoleum is located in the city of [[Balad]], 50 kilometers south of [[Samarra]]. The place is respected by Shiites, especially in [[Iraq]]. Many [[karamat]] (supernatural wonders) have been reported about him. | Al-Sayyid Muhammad's mausoleum is located in the city of [[Balad]], 50 kilometers south of [[Samarra]]. The place is respected by Shiites, especially in [[Iraq]]. Many [[karamat]] (supernatural wonders) have been reported about him. | ||
On [[Shawwal 1]], 1437/[[July 7]], 2016 his mausoleum has been attacked by [[takfiri]] terrorists. | |||
==Birth, lineage, and children== | ==Birth, lineage, and children== | ||
{{Family tree Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | {{Family tree Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | ||
Al-Sayyid Muhamamd was born in [[228]]/842- | Al-Sayyid Muhamamd was born in [[228]]/842-43 in [[Sarya]] village near [[Medina]]. According to the most widely accepted view, he was Imam al-Hadi's (a) first child and was older than [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]]. His mother was called [[Hudayth]] (or Sulayl). | ||
When Imam al-Hadi (a) was summoned by [[al-Mutawakkil al-'Abbasi]] to [[Samarra]], Muhammad (who was about 5 years old at that time) stayed in Sarya. | When Imam al-Hadi (a) was summoned by [[al-Mutawakkil al-'Abbasi]] to [[Samarra]], Muhammad (who was about 5 years old at that time) stayed in Sarya. | ||
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==Moral virtues== | ==Moral virtues== | ||
Abu Ja'far al-Sayyid Muhammad was morally virtuous and courteous. These virtues made many Shiites believe that he was going to be the next [[Imam]] after his father, Imam al-Hadi (a). | Abu Ja'far al-Sayyid Muhammad was morally virtuous and courteous. These virtues made many Shiites believe that he was going to be the next [[Imam]] after his father, [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]]. | ||
Al-Kalani wrote about him that "I met Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. 'Ali at a very young age, and I saw no one more courteous, generous, and neater than him. At that time, [[Imam Hasan al-'Askari (a)]] was a child in [[Hijaz]] and Abu Ja'far admired him so much. Abu Ja'far always accompanied his brother, Imam Hasan al-'Askari (a), and never parted his company. | Al-Kalani wrote about him that "I met Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. 'Ali at a very young age, and I saw no one more courteous, generous, and neater than him. At that time, [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]] was a child in [[Hijaz]] and Abu Ja'far admired him so much. Abu Ja'far always accompanied his brother, Imam Hasan al-'Askari (a), and never parted his company. Imam al-'Askari undertook his training and education." | ||
Since al-Sayyid Muhammad was very virtuous, Shiites believed that he would be the next Imam. However, when he died during the lifetime of Imam al-Hadi (a) | Since al-Sayyid Muhammad was very virtuous, Shiites believed that he would be the next Imam. However, when he died during the lifetime of his father, Imam al-Hadi (a) let them know about Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) being the next Imam. | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
In [[252]]/866, al-Sayyid Muhammad decided to visit the [[Ka'ba]]. When he arrived in Balad (near [[Samarra]] in Iraq), he became sick, and died | In [[252]]/866, al-Sayyid Muhammad decided to visit the [[Ka'ba]]. When he arrived in Balad (near [[Samarra]] in Iraq), he became sick, and died on [[Jumada II 29]]/July 21. Shiites buried him in Balad. Some people conjectured that he was poisoned by [[Abbasids]]. | ||
When he died, [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] held a mourning ceremony for him. Some people from [[Banu Hashim]], including Hasan b. Hasan al-Aftas reported that: | When he died, [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] held a mourning ceremony for him. Some people from [[Banu Hashim]], including Hasan b. Hasan al-Aftas reported that: | ||
: When al-Sayyid Muhammad passed away, we went to Imam al-Hadi's (a) house. We saw that a rug is spread out, and people sat around. We estimated the population: besides emancipated slaves and other people, there were 150 people from the [[Al Abi Talib|Abu Talib household]], Banu Hashim and [[Quraysh]]. Suddenly [[Imam Hasan al-'Askari (a)]] came in, having torn apart his clothes out of the grief for his brother's death. He stood beside his father. We did not know him then. After an hour, Imam al-Hadi (a) told him: "O' my son! Offer your praise to God, since He offered you something." Imam al-Hasan (a) cried and said: "praise be to Allah, the lord of the worlds. We only praise Him for His blessings on us, and we are from God and to Him we return". I asked: who is this? And people said: he is Hasan, the son of Imam al-Hadi (a). He looked 20 years old at that time. Thus we learned that he was going to be the next Imam after his father. | : When al-Sayyid Muhammad passed away, we went to Imam al-Hadi's (a) house. We saw that a rug is spread out, and people sat around. We estimated the population: besides emancipated slaves and other people, there were 150 people from the [[Al Abi Talib|Abu Talib household]], Banu Hashim and [[Quraysh]]. Suddenly [[Imam Hasan al-'Askari (a)]] came in, having torn apart his clothes out of the grief for his brother's death. He stood beside his father. We did not know him then. After an hour, Imam al-Hadi (a) told him: "O' my son! Offer your praise to God, since He offered you something." Imam al-Hasan (a) cried and said: "praise be to Allah, the lord of the worlds. We only praise Him for His blessings on us, and we are from God and to Him we return". I asked: who is this? And people said: he is al-Hasan, the son of Imam al-Hadi (a). He looked 20 years old at that time. Thus we learned that he was going to be the next Imam after his father. | ||
== | ==Muhammadiyya Sect== | ||
After al-Sayyid Muhammad's death, some Shiites who were advocates of his [[ | After al-Sayyid Muhammad's death, some Shiites who were advocates of his [[Imamate]] said that he was not dead and was still alive, since Imam al-Hadi (a) introduced him for Imamate and an Imam never lies, and no [[bada']] can be said to have happened. Thus he is the successor of Imam al-Hadi (a), and his father hid him from people lest he is hurt. | ||
==Shrine== | ==Shrine== | ||
[[File:Darih of Sayyid Muhammad b. al-Imam al-Hadi (a).jpg|220px|thumbnail|Darih of al-Sayyid Muhammad b. al-Imam al-Hadi (a)]] | [[File:Darih of Sayyid Muhammad b. al-Imam al-Hadi (a).jpg|220px|thumbnail|Darih of al-Sayyid Muhammad b. al-Imam al-Hadi (a)]] | ||
The mausoleum of al-Sayyid Muhammad is located in the city of [[Balad]] in | The mausoleum of al-Sayyid Muhammad is located in the city of [[Balad]] in "Salah al-Din" province, 85 kilometers north of [[Baghdad]]. Today the place is frequently visited by Shiites. | ||
No exact information is available about when the building on the grave was first constructed. However through reconstructions of the shrine carried out from [[1379]]-[[1384]]/1959- | No exact information is available about when the building on the grave was first constructed. However through reconstructions of the shrine carried out from [[1379]]-[[1384]]/1959-1965, it was found out that the first construction of the mausoleum dates back to the 4th/10th century by 'Adud al-Dawla al-Daylami. After that in the 10th/16th century, the first building was constructed by [[Shah Isma'il Safawi]] after the conquest of Baghdad. | ||
The tablet on the mausoleum's [[darih]] (the netted silver box on the grave) reads as follows: | The tablet on the mausoleum's [[darih]] (the netted silver box on the grave) reads as follows: | ||
: This is the mausoleum of the great al-Sayyid Abu Ja'far Muhammad, the son of Imam al-Hadi (a) who is of a high place, and Shiites believed that he would be the next Imam after Imam al-Hadi (a), and when he died, Imam al-Hadi (a) pointed out that [[Imam Hasan al-'Askari (a)]] was his successor. When [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] migrated from [[Medina]] to [[Samarra]], al-Sayyid Muhammad was still a child, and he joined his father in Samarra when he was mature. He stayed in Samarra for a while until when he decided to return to Medina. When departed from Samarra by 9 parasangs and arrived in the village of Balad, he became sick and died there. | : This is the mausoleum of the great al-Sayyid Abu Ja'far Muhammad, the son of Imam al-Hadi (a) who is of a high place, and Shiites believed that he would be the next Imam after Imam al-Hadi (a), and when he died, Imam al-Hadi (a) pointed out that [[Imam Hasan al-'Askari (a)]] was his successor. When [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] migrated from [[Medina]] to [[Samarra]], al-Sayyid Muhammad was still a child, and he joined his father in Samarra when he was mature. He stayed in Samarra for a while until when he decided to return to Medina. When departed from Samarra by 9 parasangs and arrived in the village of Balad, he became sick and died there. | ||
===Terrorist Attack== | |||
On [[Shawwal 1]], 1437/[[July 7]], 2016 his mausoleum has been attacked by [[takfiri]] terrorists. Terrorists belong to [[ISIS]] first launched mortars to the mausoleum, then some of them did suicide attack and blew themselves up. | |||
==Karamat== | ==Karamat== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/محمد_بن_علی_الهادی_(ع){{ | * The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/محمد_بن_علی_الهادی_(ع){{ia| محمد بن علی الهادی (ع)}}] in Farsi Wikishia. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||