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Muhammad b. al-Imam al-Hadi (a): Difference between revisions
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'''Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. al-Imam ʿAlī al-Hādī (a)''' (Arabic: {{ia|أبوجعفر محمد بن الإمام علي الهادي}}), (b. [[228]]/842-43 - d. [[252]]/866), known as '''al-Sayyid Muḥammad''' ({{ia|ألسَّیِّد مُحَمَّد}}), and also known among the natives as '''Sabu' al-Dujayl''' ({{ia|سَبُعُ الدُجَیل}}; the lion of Dujayl), was the senior son of [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]]. Because of his remarkable moral virtues, many [[Shiite]]s and others thought that he would inherit [[Imamate]] from Imam al-Hadi (a). However, his death during the life of his father refuted such ideas. | '''Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. al-Imam ʿAlī al-Hādī (a)''' (Arabic: {{ia|أبوجعفر محمد بن الإمام علي الهادي}}), (b. [[228]]/842-43 - d. [[252]]/866), known as '''al-Sayyid Muḥammad''' ({{ia|ألسَّیِّد مُحَمَّد}}), and also known among the natives as '''Sabu' al-Dujayl''' ({{ia|سَبُعُ الدُجَیل}}; the lion of Dujayl), was the senior son of [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]]. Because of his remarkable moral virtues, many [[Shiite]]s and others thought that he would inherit [[Imamate]] from Imam al-Hadi (a). However, his death during the life of his father refuted such ideas. | ||
Al-Sayyid Muhammad's mausoleum is located in the city of [[Balad]], 50 kilometers south of [[Samarra]]. The place is respected by Shiites, especially in [[Iraq]]. Many [[karamat]] ( | Al-Sayyid Muhammad's mausoleum is located in the city of [[Balad]], 50 kilometers south of [[Samarra]]. The place is respected by Shiites, especially in [[Iraq]]. Many [[karamat]] (acts of wonders) have been reported about him. | ||
On [[Shawwal 1]], 1437/[[July 7]], 2016 his mausoleum has been attacked by [[takfiri]] terrorists. | On [[Shawwal 1]], 1437/[[July 7]], 2016 his mausoleum has been attacked by [[takfiri]] terrorists. | ||
==Birth, lineage, and children== | ==Birth, lineage, and children== | ||
Al-Sayyid Muhamamd was born in [[228]]/842-43 in [[Sarya]] village near [[Medina]]. According to the most widely accepted view, he was Imam al-Hadi's (a) first child and was older than [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]]. His mother was called [[Hudayth]] (or Sulayl). | Al-Sayyid Muhamamd was born in [[228]]/842-43 in [[Sarya]] village near [[Medina]].<ref>Badāwī, ''Sabʿ al-Dujayl l-Tablīgh wa al-Irshād'', p. 2.</ref> According to the most widely accepted view, he was Imam al-Hadi's (a) first child and was older than [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]].<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād</ref> His mother was called [[Hudayth]] (or Sulayl).<ref>Badāwī, ''Sabʿ al-Dujayl l-Tablīgh wa al-Irshād'', p. 2.</ref> | ||
When Imam al-Hadi (a) was summoned by [[al-Mutawakkil al-'Abbasi]] to [[Samarra]], Muhammad (who was about 5 years old at that time) stayed in Sarya. | When Imam al-Hadi (a) was summoned by [[al-Mutawakkil al-'Abbasi]] to [[Samarra]], Muhammad (who was about 5 years old at that time) stayed in Sarya.<ref>Badāwī, ''Sabʿ al-Dujayl l-Tablīgh wa al-Irshād'', p. 2.</ref> | ||
===Children=== | ===Children=== | ||
According to a quote from the book, ''Bahr al-ansab'', al-Sayyid Muhammad had 9 sons some of whom are buried in [[Khuy]] and [[Salmas]] in [[Iran]]. His progeny continued only through two of his sons, Ahmad and 'Ali. | According to a quote from the book, ''Bahr al-ansab'', al-Sayyid Muhammad had 9 sons some of whom are buried in [[Khuy]] and [[Salmas]] in [[Iran]]. His progeny continued only through two of his sons, Ahmad and 'Ali. | ||
{{Family tree Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | {{Family tree Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | ||
==Moral virtues== | ==Moral virtues== | ||
Abu Ja'far al-Sayyid Muhammad was morally virtuous and courteous. These virtues made many Shiites believe that he was going to be the next [[Imam]] after his father, [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]]. | Abu Ja'far al-Sayyid Muhammad was morally virtuous and courteous. These virtues made many Shiites believe that he was going to be the next [[Imam]] after his father, [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]]. | ||
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==Death== | ==Death== | ||
In [[252]]/[[866 CE|866]], al-Sayyid Muhammad decided to visit the [[House of God]]. When he arrived in Balad (near [[Samarra]] in Iraq), he became sick, and died on [[Jumada II 29]]/[[July 17]]. Shiites buried him in Balad. Some people conjectured that he was poisoned by [[Abbasids]]. | In [[252]]/[[866 CE|866]], al-Sayyid Muhammad decided to visit the [[House of God]].<ref>Badāwī, ''Sabʿ al-Dujayl l-Tablīgh wa al-Irshād'', p. 4.</ref> When he arrived in Balad (near [[Samarra]] in Iraq), he became sick, and died on [[Jumada II 29]]/[[July 17]]. Shiites buried him in Balad.<ref>Ibn Ṣūfī, ''al-Majdī fī ansāb al-ṭālibīn'', p. 325.</ref> Some people conjectured that he was poisoned by [[Abbasids]]. | ||
When he died, [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] held a mourning ceremony for him. Some people from [[Banu Hashim]], including Hasan b. Hasan al-Aftas reported that: | When he died, [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] held a mourning ceremony for him. Some people from [[Banu Hashim]], including Hasan b. Hasan al-Aftas reported that: | ||
: When al-Sayyid Muhammad passed away, we went to Imam al-Hadi's (a) house. We saw that a rug is spread out, and people sat around. We estimated the population: besides emancipated slaves and other people, there were 150 people from the [[Al Abi Talib|Abu Talib household]], Banu Hashim and [[Quraysh]]. Suddenly [[Imam Hasan al-'Askari (a)]] came in, having torn apart his clothes out of the grief for his brother's death. He stood beside his father. We did not know him then. After an hour, Imam al-Hadi (a) told him: "O' my son! Offer your praise to God, since He offered you something." Imam al-Hasan (a) cried and said: "praise be to Allah, the lord of the worlds. We only praise Him for His blessings on us, and we are from God and to Him we return". I asked: who is this? And people said: he is al-Hasan, the son of Imam al-Hadi (a). He looked 20 years old at that time. Thus we learned that he was going to be the next Imam after his father. | : When al-Sayyid Muhammad passed away, we went to Imam al-Hadi's (a) house. We saw that a rug is spread out, and people sat around. We estimated the population: besides emancipated slaves and other people, there were 150 people from the [[Al Abi Talib|Abu Talib household]], Banu Hashim and [[Quraysh]].<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 50, p. 245.</ref> Suddenly [[Imam Hasan al-'Askari (a)]] came in, having torn apart his clothes out of the grief for his brother's death. He stood beside his father. We did not know him then. After an hour, Imam al-Hadi (a) told him: "O' my son! Offer your praise to God, since He offered you something." Imam al-Hasan (a) cried and said: "praise be to Allah, the lord of the worlds. We only praise Him for His blessings on us, and we are from God and to Him we return". I asked: who is this? And people said: he is al-Hasan, the son of Imam al-Hadi (a). He looked 20 years old at that time. Thus we learned that he was going to be the next Imam after his father.<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 50, p. 246.</ref> | ||
==Muhammadiyya Sect== | ==Muhammadiyya Sect== | ||
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==Shrine== | ==Shrine== | ||
[[File:Darih of Sayyid Muhammad b. al-Imam al-Hadi (a).jpg|220px|thumbnail|Darih of al-Sayyid Muhammad b. al-Imam al-Hadi (a)]] | [[File:Darih of Sayyid Muhammad b. al-Imam al-Hadi (a).jpg|220px|thumbnail|Darih of al-Sayyid Muhammad b. al-Imam al-Hadi (a)]] | ||
The mausoleum of al-Sayyid Muhammad is located in the city of [[Balad]] in "Salah al-Din" province, 85 kilometers north of [[Baghdad]]. Today the place is frequently visited by Shiites. | The mausoleum of al-Sayyid Muhammad is located in the city of [[Balad]] in "Salah al-Din" province, 85 kilometers north of [[Baghdad]]. Today the place is frequently visited by Shiites.<ref>[https://qom.haj.ir/اماکن/اماکن-کاظمین-و-سامرا/سيد-محمد-ع Sayyid Muhammad, Qom.haj.ir]</ref> | ||
No exact information is available about when the building on the grave was first constructed. However through reconstructions of the shrine carried out from [[1379]]-[[1384]]/1959-1965, it was found out that the first construction of the mausoleum dates back to the 4th/10th century by 'Adud al-Dawla al-Daylami. After that in the 10th/16th century, the first building was constructed by [[Shah Isma'il Safawi]] after the conquest of Baghdad. | No exact information is available about when the building on the grave was first constructed. However through reconstructions of the shrine carried out from [[1379]]-[[1384]]/1959-1965, it was found out that the first construction of the mausoleum dates back to the 4th/10th century by 'Adud al-Dawla al-Daylami.<ref>Faqīh Baḥr al-ʿUlūm and Khāmayār, ''Ziyāratgāh-hāyi Iraq'', vol. 1, p. 520.</ref> After that in the 10th/16th century, the first building was constructed by [[Shah Isma'il Safawi]] after the conquest of Baghdad.<ref>Faqīh Baḥr al-ʿUlūm and Khāmayār, ''Ziyāratgāh-hāyi Iraq'', vol. 1, p. 520-521.</ref> | ||
The tablet on the mausoleum's [[darih]] (the netted silver box on the grave) reads as follows: | The tablet on the mausoleum's [[darih]] (the netted silver box on the grave) reads as follows: | ||
: This is the mausoleum of the great al-Sayyid Abu Ja'far Muhammad, the son of Imam al-Hadi (a) who is of a high place, and Shiites believed that he would be the next Imam after Imam al-Hadi (a), and when he died, Imam al-Hadi (a) pointed out that [[Imam Hasan al-'Askari (a)]] was his successor. When [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] migrated from [[Medina]] to [[Samarra]], al-Sayyid Muhammad was still a child, and he joined his father in Samarra when he was mature. He stayed in Samarra for a while until when he decided to return to Medina. When departed from Samarra by | : This is the mausoleum of the great al-Sayyid Abu Ja'far Muhammad, the son of Imam al-Hadi (a) who is of a high place, and Shiites believed that he would be the next Imam after Imam al-Hadi (a), and when he died, Imam al-Hadi (a) pointed out that [[Imam Hasan al-'Askari (a)]] was his successor. When [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] migrated from [[Medina]] to [[Samarra]], al-Sayyid Muhammad was still a child, and he joined his father in Samarra when he was mature. He stayed in Samarra for a while until when he decided to return to Medina. When departed from Samarra by nine parasangs and arrived in the village of Balad, he became sick and died there. | ||
===Terrorist Attack=== | ===Terrorist Attack=== | ||
On [[Shawwal 1]], 1437/[[July 7]], 2016 his mausoleum has been attacked by [[takfiri]] terrorists. Terrorists belong to [[ISIS]] first launched mortars to the mausoleum, then some of them did suicide attack and blew themselves up. | On [[Shawwal 1]], 1437/[[July 7]], 2016 his mausoleum has been attacked by [[takfiri]] terrorists.<ref>[https://al-aalem.com/news/28088 The photos of explosion in Sayyid Muhammad's tomb, Al-Alem.com]</ref> Terrorists belong to [[ISIS]] first launched mortars to the mausoleum, then some of them did suicide attack and blew themselves up. | ||
==Karamat== | ==Karamat== | ||
Many [[karamat]] ( | Many [[karamat]] (acts of wonders) have been seen from al-Sayyid Muhammad. In his book, ''[[al-Najam al-thaqib]]'', [[Mirza Husayn al-Nuri]] counts him as a possessor of frequent karamat, maintaining that people of [[Iraq]] and even Bedouin Arabs were afraid of swearing in his name. For example, if someone is accused of having lifted something, they would rather return the thing than swearing to al-Sayyid Muhammad. | ||
Some scholars have written about his karamat; one example is Mahdi Al 'Abd al-Ghaffar al-Kishmiri's essay in this regard. 'Allama Sayyid Mirza Hadi Khurasani reported Sayyid Hasan Al Khuja—a servant of the shrine of Imam Hasan al-'Askari (a)—as saying that: | Some scholars have written about his karamat; one example is Mahdi Al 'Abd al-Ghaffar al-Kishmiri's essay in this regard. 'Allama Sayyid Mirza Hadi Khurasani reported Sayyid Hasan Al Khuja—a servant of the shrine of Imam Hasan al-'Askari (a)—as saying that: | ||
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==A Book About al-Sayyid Muhammad== | ==A Book About al-Sayyid Muhammad== | ||
''Hayat wa karamat Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. al-Imam 'Ali al-Hadi (a)'' (the life and karamat of Abu Ja'far) written by Muhammad 'Ali Urdubadi (b. [[1312]]/1894 d.[[1380]]/1960 in Arabic regarding the life of al-Sayyid Muhammad. A Farsi translation of the book by Ali Akbar Mahdipour is published as ''Sitari-i Dujayl'' (the start of Dujayl). At the end of the translation, there are appendixes such as the biography of the author, children of al-Sayyid Muhammad, a bibliography, and the praying that should be recited when visiting al-Sayyid Muhammad's shrine. The book has two parts: the first concerns the life of al-Sayyid Muhammad and the second concerns his karamat. | ''Hayat wa karamat Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. al-Imam 'Ali al-Hadi (a)'' (the life and karamat of Abu Ja'far) written by Muhammad 'Ali Urdubadi (b. [[1312]]/1894 d.[[1380]]/1960 in Arabic regarding the life of al-Sayyid Muhammad. A Farsi translation of the book by Ali Akbar Mahdipour is published as ''Sitari-i Dujayl'' (the start of Dujayl). At the end of the translation, there are appendixes such as the biography of the author, children of al-Sayyid Muhammad, a bibliography, and the praying that should be recited when visiting al-Sayyid Muhammad's shrine. The book has two parts: the first concerns the life of al-Sayyid Muhammad and the second concerns his karamat. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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