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Aban b. Abi Ayyash: Difference between revisions
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==Birth and Demise== | ==Birth and Demise== | ||
His name is Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash or Aban b. Firuz. And his [[teknonym]] was Abu Isma'il. | His name is Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash or Aban b. Firuz. And his [[teknonym]] was Abu Isma'il.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', vol. 9, p. 55.</ref> | ||
There are not enough information on the time and place of birth of Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash, it is only said that he was a slave of 'Abd al-Qays. He passed away about 140/757 or 128/746. | There are not enough information on the time and place of birth of Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash, it is only said that he was a slave of 'Abd al-Qays.<ref>Bukhārī, ''Tārīkh al-ṣaghīr'', vol. 2, p. 50.</ref> He passed away about 140/757 or 128/746.<ref>Ibn Ḥajar, ''Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb'', vol. 1, p. 31; Dhahabī, ''Mīzān al-iʿtidāl'', vol. 1, p. 14.</ref> | ||
==Teachers== | ==Teachers== | ||
Aban b. Abi Ayyash has narrated from famous earlier hadith scholars. | Aban b. Abi Ayyash has narrated from famous earlier hadith scholars. | ||
{{cb|3}} | {{cb|3}} | ||
* [[Anas b. Malik]] | * [[Anas b. Malik]]<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 106.</ref> | ||
* [[Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilali]] | * [[Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilali]]<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Fihrist'', p. 162.</ref> | ||
* [[Hasan al-Basri]] | * [[Hasan al-Basri]] | ||
* [[Sa'id b. Jubayr]] | * [[Sa'id b. Jubayr]] | ||
* Khulayd b. 'Abd Allah | * Khulayd b. 'Abd Allah | ||
* Rabi' b. Lut | * Rabi' b. Lut | ||
* ... | * Abu Aliya Rufay' al-Hilali | ||
* [[Sa'id b. Jubayr]] | |||
* Shahr b. Hawshab | |||
* Ata' b. Abi Ribah | |||
* Muslim b. Yasar | |||
* Muslim al-Batin | |||
* Muwarriq 'Ijli | |||
* Abu l-Sadiq Naji | |||
* Abu Nadra 'Abdi<ref>Mizzī, ''Tahdhīb al-kamāl'', vol. 2, p. 19.</ref> | |||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
He has mostly narrated from [[Anas b. Malik]], [[sahaba|companion]] and servant of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]. | He has mostly narrated from [[Anas b. Malik]], [[sahaba|companion]] and servant of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]].<ref>Ibn ʿUday, ''al-Kāmil fī al-ḍuʿafā al-rijāl'', vol. 1, p. 375.</ref> | ||
==Narrations from Him== | ==Narrations from Him== | ||
A large number of hadith scholars in the 2nd/8th century have learned hadiths or narrated hadiths from him. | A large number of hadith scholars in the 2nd/8th century have learned hadiths or narrated hadiths from him. | ||
{{cb|3}} | {{cb|3}} | ||
* [[ | * [['Umar b. Hafs]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Yazid b. 'Amr]]<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 106.</ref> | ||
* [['Uthman b. 'Isa]] | * [['Uthman b. 'Isa]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Hammad b. 'Isa al-Juhani]]<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Fihrist'', p. 162.</ref> | ||
* [[ | * Ibrahim b. Abi Bakra al-Shami | ||
* Ibrahim b. Abd al-Hamid b. Dhi Himaya | |||
* Abu Ishaq Ibrahim b. Muhammad Fazazi | |||
* Artat b. Mundhir | |||
* Bakr b. Khunays | |||
* [[Al-Harith b. Nabhan]] | |||
* Husayn b. Abi Ja'far | |||
* Hasan b. Salih b. Hay | |||
* Hafs b. Jumi' | |||
* Hafs b. 'Umar al-Abar (Judge of Aleppo) | |||
* Hammad b. Salma | |||
* Hammad b. Waqid | * Hammad b. Waqid | ||
* | * Khalil b. Mura | ||
* ... | * Dawud b. Zabarqan | ||
* Zayd b. Khirash | |||
* Salih Murri | |||
* Tu'ma b. Amr Ja'fari | |||
* 'Ibad b. 'Ibad Muhlibi | |||
* Abd al-Rahman b. Thabit Thawban | |||
* Abd al-Rahim b. Waqid | |||
* 'Umran Juhada | |||
* Muhammad b. Fadl b. Atiyya | |||
* Mu'ammar b. Rashid | |||
* [Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man b. Thabit]] | |||
* Yazid b. Harun | |||
* Abu Asim Ibadani<ref>Mizzī, ''Tahdhīb al-kamāl'', vol. 2, p. 20.</ref> | |||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
==In the Perspective of Rijal Scholars== | ==In the Perspective of Rijal Scholars== | ||
Neither Shi'ite nor Sunni rijal scholars regarded Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash [[thiqa]] (reliable). However some recent Shi'ite rijal scholars including [[Mirza Husayn Nuri]] and [['Abd Allah Mamaqani]] tried to prove that Ibn Abi 'Ayyash was thiqa which is not accepted. Generally, well-known Sunni hadith scholars considered him unreliable. | Neither Shi'ite nor Sunni rijal scholars regarded Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash [[thiqa]] (reliable).<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Rijāl'', p. 106; Ḥillī, ''al-Rijāl'', p. 99.</ref> However some recent Shi'ite rijal scholars including [[Mirza Husayn Nuri]]<ref>Nūrī, ''Mustadrak al-wasāʾil'', vol. 3, p. 32.</ref> and [['Abd Allah Mamaqani]]<ref>Mamaqānī, ''Tanqīḥ al-maqāl'', vol. 1, p. 3.</ref> tried to prove that Ibn Abi 'Ayyash was thiqa which is not accepted. Generally, well-known Sunni hadith scholars considered him unreliable.<ref>Nasā'ī, ''al-Ḍuʿafā wa al-matrukūn'', p. 47; Dāraqutnī, ''al-ḍuʿafā wa al-matrukūn'', p. 285; Jūzjānī, ''Aḥwāl al-rijāl'', p. 102; Ibn Ḥajar, ''Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb'', vol. 1, p. 98 reported by Ibn Hanbal.</ref> | ||
===Why he was not Thiqa=== | ===Why he was not Thiqa=== | ||
There are not any decisive evidence to reject acceptance of Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash as thiqa (reliable hadith narrator). Mirza Husayn Nuri believed Abi 'Ayyash was a Shi'ite narrator, his opponents tried to marginalize him, but such statement is not accurate according to Shi'ite [[rijal]] books. | There are not any decisive evidence to reject acceptance of Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash as thiqa (reliable hadith narrator). Mirza Husayn Nuri believed Abi 'Ayyash was a Shi'ite narrator, his opponents tried to marginalize him,<ref>Nūrī, ''Mustadrak al-wasāʾil'', vol. 3, p. 32.</ref> but such statement is not accurate according to Shi'ite [[rijal]] books. | ||
A number of Sunni rijal scholars did not accept Abi 'Ayyash a reliable narrator, as he was weak at memorizing hadiths and had a habit of forgetting the name of narrators and content of hadiths. | A number of Sunni rijal scholars did not accept Abi 'Ayyash a reliable narrator, as he was weak at memorizing hadiths<ref>Mizzī, ''Tahdhīb al-kamāl'', vol. 2, p. 22.</ref> and had a habit of forgetting the name of narrators and content of hadiths.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Mīzān al-iʿtidāl'', vol. 1, p. 12.</ref> | ||
==Characteristics== | ==Characteristics== | ||
Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash is unanimously accepted as a virtuous and a true believer, especially among Sunnis. According to Ibn Habban, Abi 'Ayyash was a devoted believer who fasted during the day and worshiped God during the night. He paid attention to his appearance and wore decent and pure clothes. Accordingly, Sufyan b. 'Uyayna narrated that Malik b. Dinar entitled Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash as "Tawus al-Qarra'" (a magnificently attractive man). | Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash is unanimously accepted as a virtuous and a true believer, especially among Sunnis. According to Ibn Habban, Abi 'Ayyash was a devoted believer who fasted during the day and worshiped God during the night.<ref>Ibn Ḥibbān, ''al-Majrūḥīn'', vol. 1, p. 96.</ref> He paid attention to his appearance and wore decent and pure clothes. Accordingly, Sufyan b. 'Uyayna narrated that Malik b. Dinar entitled Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash as "Tawus al-Qarra'" (a magnificently attractive man).<ref>Ibn ʿUday, ''al-Kāmil fī al-ḍuʿafā al-rijāl'', vol. 1, p. 374.</ref> | ||
==Being a Shi'ite== | ==Being a Shi'ite== | ||
Aban was Shi'ite without a doubt. Although some reports stated that Aban was not Shi'ite, [[Al-Shaykh | Aban was Shi'ite without a doubt. Although some reports stated that Aban was not Shi'ite,<ref>Māzandarānī, ''Sharḥ uṣūl kāfī'', vol. 2, p. 163.</ref> [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] regarded him as companion of [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]], [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] and [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]].<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Rijāl'', p. 83, 106, 152.</ref> However he was surprised to figure out that Aban did not narrate any [[hadith]] from them; even if he narrated hadiths, they are not mentioned in any Shi'ite hadith books. | ||
==Well-known among Shi'ites== | ==Well-known among Shi'ites== | ||
Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash is well-known among Shi'ites because of narrating hadiths from [[Sulaym b. Qays]]. Sulaym was a [[List of Companions of Imam 'Ali (a)|companion]] of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and lived in the time of [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]] (d. 95/714). As Sulaym was a Shi'a, Hajjaj was perusing him but he fled to Fars and Aban provided shelter for him. When Sulaym was on the verge of death he gave Aban a book which included the events happened after the demise of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]. | Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash is well-known among Shi'ites because of narrating hadiths from [[Sulaym b. Qays]]. Sulaym was a [[List of Companions of Imam 'Ali (a)|companion]] of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and lived in the time of [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]] (d. 95/714). As Sulaym was a Shi'a, Hajjaj was perusing him but he fled to Fars and Aban provided shelter for him. When Sulaym was on the verge of death he gave Aban a book which included the events happened after the demise of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]].<ref>Ḥillī, ''al-Rijāl'', p. 99.</ref> | ||
After the demise of Aban, the content of this book was narrated by other hadith narrators including [[Himad b. 'Isa]] and [['Uthman b. 'Isa]]. | After the demise of Aban, the content of this book was narrated by other hadith narrators including [[Himad b. 'Isa]] and [['Uthman b. 'Isa]].<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Fihrist'', p. 162.</ref> | ||
==Features of His Book== | ==Features of His Book== | ||
As stated by [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]], Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash thought [[Sulaym b. Qays]] had read this book to [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] and he had approved it. But as [[al-'Allama al-Hilli]] stated, it should be taken into account that this book was narrated only by Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash which represents the harsh situation of Shi'ites in [[Iraq]] in the time of [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf]]; it must be the only original copy of the book. Regardless of the content of the book, it was the first book written by a Shi'a Muslim on Shi'ite thoughts including political thoughts of Shi'ites. | As stated by [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]], Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash thought [[Sulaym b. Qays]] had read this book to [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] and he had approved it.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl'', p. 321.</ref> But as [[al-'Allama al-Hilli]] stated, it should be taken into account that this book was narrated only by Aban b. Abi 'Ayyash<ref>Ḥillī, ''al-Rijāl'', p. 99.</ref> which represents the harsh situation of Shi'ites in [[Iraq]] in the time of [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf]]; it must be the only original copy of the book. Regardless of the content of the book, it was the first book written by a Shi'a Muslim on Shi'ite thoughts including political thoughts of Shi'ites.<ref>Ibn al-Nadīm, ''al-Fihrist'', p. 275.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* Al-Dāraqutnī, ʿAlī ʿUmar. ''Al- | * Al-Dāraqutnī, ʿAlī ʿUmar. ''Al-Ḍuʿafā wa al-matrūkūn''. Edited by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ʿIzz al-Dīn Lisīrwān. Beirut: 1985. | ||
* ʿAqīlī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar. ''Kitāb al-ḍuʿafā al-kabīr''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Muʿṭī Amīn Qalʿajī. Beirut: 1404 AH. | * ʿAqīlī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar. ''Kitāb al-ḍuʿafā al-kabīr''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Muʿṭī Amīn Qalʿajī. Beirut: 1404 AH. | ||
* Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. ''Tārīkh al-ṣaghīr''. Edited by Maḥmūd Ibrāhīm Zāʾid. Beirut: 1406 AH/1986. | * Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. ''Tārīkh al-ṣaghīr''. Edited by Maḥmūd Ibrāhīm Zāʾid. Beirut: 1406 AH/1986. | ||
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* Māzandarānī, Muḥammad Sāliḥ b. Ahmad. ''Sharḥ uṣūl kāfī''. Edited by Abu l-Ḥassan Shaʿrānī. Tehran: 1383 AH. | * Māzandarānī, Muḥammad Sāliḥ b. Ahmad. ''Sharḥ uṣūl kāfī''. Edited by Abu l-Ḥassan Shaʿrānī. Tehran: 1383 AH. | ||
* Mamaqānī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥasan. ''Tanqīḥ al-maqāl fī ʿilm al-rijāl''. Najaf: 1351 AH. | * Mamaqānī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥasan. ''Tanqīḥ al-maqāl fī ʿilm al-rijāl''. Najaf: 1351 AH. | ||
* Nasā'ī, Aḥmad b. Alī. ''Al-Ḍuʿafā wa al-matrūkūn''. Edited by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ʿIzz al-Dīn Lisīrwān. Beirut: 1985. | |||
* Nūrī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad Taqī. ''Mustadrak al-wasāʾil''. Tehran: 1318 -1321 AH. | * Nūrī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad Taqī. ''Mustadrak al-wasāʾil''. Tehran: 1318 -1321 AH. | ||
* Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. Beirut: 1960-1968. | * Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. Beirut: 1960-1968. | ||
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