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Safwan b. Mihran: Difference between revisions
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==Life== | ==Life== | ||
There is not much information about Safwan's years of birth and death. He is considered as a prominent figure of the 2nd/[[8th century]] and a companion of Imam al-Sadiq (a) and Imam al-Kazim (a). And since he was known as "al-Kufi", he was probably born in [[Kufa]]. | There is not much information about Safwan's years of birth and death. He is considered as a prominent figure of the 2nd/[[8th century]] and a companion of Imam al-Sadiq (a) and Imam al-Kazim (a).<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Rijāl'', p. 220; Najāshī, ''Rijāl al-Najāshī'', p. 140; Kashshī, ''Rijāl al-Kashshī'', p. 373.</ref> And since he was known as "al-Kufi", he was probably born in [[Kufa]]. | ||
Safwan took Imam al-Sadiq (a) from [[Medina]] to Kufa many times, visiting the grave of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] together with the Imam (a). Imam 'Ali's (a) grave was unknown to the public at the time, but Safwan was one of the few people who knew its location. According to [[Ibn Qulawayh al-Qummi]] in his book, ''[[Kamil al-ziyarat]]'', Safwan visited the grave of Imam 'Ali (a) for 20 years and performed his [[prayers]] there. | Safwan took Imam al-Sadiq (a) from [[Medina]] to Kufa many times, visiting the grave of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] together with the Imam (a). Imam 'Ali's (a) grave was unknown to the public at the time,<ref>Ḥillī, ''Farḥat al-gharrī'', p. 85.</ref> but Safwan was one of the few people who knew its location. According to [[Ibn Qulawayh al-Qummi]] in his book, ''[[Kamil al-ziyarat]]'', Safwan visited the grave of Imam 'Ali (a) for 20 years and performed his [[prayers]] there.<ref>Ibn Qūlawayh, ''Kāmil al-zīyārāt'', p. 34, chapter 9, hadith 12.</ref> | ||
He is the grandfather of [[Abu 'Abd Allah al-Safwani]] who performed a [[mubahala]] with the judge of [[Mosul]] in the presence of [[Sayf al-Dawla al-Hamdani]]. After the mubahala, the judge caught a fever, his hand turned black, and then died the other day. | He is the grandfather of [[Abu 'Abd Allah al-Safwani]] who performed a [[mubahala]] with the judge of [[Mosul]] in the presence of [[Sayf al-Dawla al-Hamdani]]. After the mubahala, the judge caught a fever, his hand turned black, and then died the other day.<ref>Kashshī, ''Rijāl al-Kashshī'', p. 393.</ref> | ||
==In the Views of Prominent Scholars== | ==In the Views of Prominent Scholars== | ||
[[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] said that Safwan was a prominent, close, and reliable companion of Imam al-Sadiq (a). | * [[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] said that Safwan was a prominent, close, and reliable companion of Imam al-Sadiq (a).<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 216.</ref> | ||
* [[Al-'Allama al-Hilli]], he was from Kufa, he was reliable, and his [[teknonym]] was Abu Muhammad al-Jammal.<ref>Ḥillī, ''Khulāṣat al-aqwāl'', p. 171.</ref> | |||
* [[Al-Najashi]]: Safwan was from Kufa and was reliable.<ref>Najāshī, ''Rijāl al-Najāshī'', p. 198, hadith 525.</ref> | |||
==Presentation of Beliefs to Imam al-Sadiq (a)== | ==Presentation of Beliefs to Imam al-Sadiq (a)== | ||
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[[Al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] cited a [[hadith]] from Safwan al-Jammal in which he said: | [[Al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] cited a [[hadith]] from Safwan al-Jammal in which he said: | ||
: I presented my beliefs to Imam al-Sadiq (a) in this way: I bear witness that there is no god except [[Allah]] who has no partners, and I bear witness that [[Muhammad (s)]] is the messenger of God and his proof (hujja) for the people, and after him, 'Ali (a), the [[Amir al-Mu'minin]], is God's proof for the people. The Imam (a) said: May God Have His Mercy for you. I said: after him, [[al-Hasan b. 'Ali (a)]] is God's proof for the people. The Imam (a) said: May God Have His Mercy for you. I then said: after him, [[al-Husayn b. 'Ali (a)]] is God's proof for the people. The Imam (a) said: May God Have His Mercy for you. I then said: after him, [['Ali b. al-Husayn (a)]] is God's proof for the people, and after him, [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)|Muhammad b. 'Ali (a)]] is God's proof for the people, and then you are God's proof for the people. The Imam (a) said: May God Have His Mercy for you. | : I presented my beliefs to Imam al-Sadiq (a) in this way: I bear witness that there is no god except [[Allah]] who has no partners, and I bear witness that [[Muhammad (s)]] is the messenger of God and his proof (hujja) for the people, and after him, 'Ali (a), the [[Amir al-Mu'minin]], is God's proof for the people. The Imam (a) said: May God Have His Mercy for you. I said: after him, [[al-Hasan b. 'Ali (a)]] is God's proof for the people. The Imam (a) said: May God Have His Mercy for you. I then said: after him, [[al-Husayn b. 'Ali (a)]] is God's proof for the people. The Imam (a) said: May God Have His Mercy for you. I then said: after him, [['Ali b. al-Husayn (a)]] is God's proof for the people, and after him, [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)|Muhammad b. 'Ali (a)]] is God's proof for the people, and then you are God's proof for the people. The Imam (a) said: May God Have His Mercy for you.<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 47, p. 336.</ref> | ||
==Renting Camels to Harun== | ==Renting Camels to Harun== | ||
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Safwan had many camels and he made a living by renting them, and this was why he was known as "al-Jammal". One day he went to [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]]. The Imam (a) told him: "everything about you is good except one thing!" He asked: "may I be thy ransom! What is it?" The Imam (a) said: "that you rent your camels to this man (that is, Harun, the [[Abbasid]] caliph)". Safwan said: "I do not do this out of avarice and foolishness. I rent my camels to him because he goes to [[hajj]] rituals. I do not serve and accompany him. Instead, I send my servant to him". The Imam (a) asked: "does he owe you anything?" Safwan replied: "yes". The Imam (a) asked: "do you want him to live as long as he can pay his debts to you?" Safwan replied: "yes". Then the Imam said (a): "if a person wants them to live, then he is one of them, and a person who is one of them (the enemies of God) will go to the [[Hell]]". | Safwan had many camels and he made a living by renting them, and this was why he was known as "al-Jammal". One day he went to [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]]. The Imam (a) told him: "everything about you is good except one thing!" He asked: "may I be thy ransom! What is it?" The Imam (a) said: "that you rent your camels to this man (that is, Harun, the [[Abbasid]] caliph)". Safwan said: "I do not do this out of avarice and foolishness. I rent my camels to him because he goes to [[hajj]] rituals. I do not serve and accompany him. Instead, I send my servant to him". The Imam (a) asked: "does he owe you anything?" Safwan replied: "yes". The Imam (a) asked: "do you want him to live as long as he can pay his debts to you?" Safwan replied: "yes". Then the Imam said (a): "if a person wants them to live, then he is one of them, and a person who is one of them (the enemies of God) will go to the [[Hell]]". | ||
After the conversation with Imam al-Kazim (a), Safwan al-Jammal sold all of his camels. When Harun heard the news, he summoned Safwan and told him: "I am told that you have sold all of your camels. Why did you do so?" He replied: "because I am too old and senile, and my servants cannot manage to do this". Harun said: "no way! I know that you have sold your camels at the order of [[Musa b. Ja'far (a)]], and had you not been a long companion of mine, I would kill you". | After the conversation with Imam al-Kazim (a), Safwan al-Jammal sold all of his camels. When Harun heard the news, he summoned Safwan and told him: "I am told that you have sold all of your camels. Why did you do so?" He replied: "because I am too old and senile, and my servants cannot manage to do this". Harun said: "no way! I know that you have sold your camels at the order of [[Musa b. Ja'far (a)]], and had you not been a long companion of mine, I would kill you".<ref>Kashshī, ''Rijāl al-Kashshī'', vol. 2, p. 740, hadith 828.</ref> | ||
==Repairing the Grave of Amir al-Mu'minin (a)== | ==Repairing the Grave of Amir al-Mu'minin (a)== | ||
Safwan said in a hadith that he was with Imam al-Sadiq (a) on a trip. The Imam (a) showed him a place and told him: "this is the grave of my ancestor [[Amir al-Mu'minin (a)]]". The Imam (a) gave some [[dirhams]] to Safwan, with which he repaired the holy grave. | Safwan said in a hadith that he was with Imam al-Sadiq (a) on a trip. The Imam (a) showed him a place and told him: "this is the grave of my ancestor [[Amir al-Mu'minin (a)]]". The Imam (a) gave some [[dirhams]] to Safwan, with which he repaired the holy grave.<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 14, p. 393.</ref> | ||
==Transmission of Hadiths== | ==Transmission of Hadiths== | ||
Safwan was a transmitter of hadiths in the 2nd/8th century. He appears in the chains of transmitters of 71 hadiths. He transmitted hadiths from Imam al-Sadiq (a) and Imam al-Kazim (a). His hadiths have been transmitted by a number of hadith transmitters, such as [[Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr al-Bazanti|Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr]] and [[Ma'dan b. Muslim]]. Safwan has transmitted [[Ziyarah al-Warith]], [[Ziyarah al-Arba'in]], and the [[Supplication of 'Alqama]]. Two of his brothers, al-Husayn and Miskin, were also Shiite transmitters of hadiths, and Abu 'Abd Allah al-Safwani was one of his grandchildren. | Safwan was a transmitter of hadiths in the 2nd/8th century. He appears in the chains of transmitters of 71 hadiths. He transmitted hadiths from Imam al-Sadiq (a) and Imam al-Kazim (a). His hadiths have been transmitted by a number of hadith transmitters, such as [[Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr al-Bazanti|Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr]] and [[Ma'dan b. Muslim]]. Safwan has transmitted [[Ziyarah al-Warith]],<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 98, p. 197.</ref> [[Ziyarah al-Arba'in]],<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 98, p. 331.</ref> and the [[Supplication of 'Alqama]].<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Miṣbāḥ al-mutahajjid'', vol. 2, p. 777-781.</ref> Two of his brothers, al-Husayn and Miskin, were also Shiite transmitters of hadiths, and Abu 'Abd Allah al-Safwani was one of his grandchildren. | ||
One of the well-known hadiths transmitted by Safwan is the one in which Imam al-Sadiq (a) explicitly announced Imam al-Kazim (a) as the next Imam. | One of the well-known hadiths transmitted by Safwan is the one in which Imam al-Sadiq (a) explicitly announced Imam al-Kazim (a) as the next Imam.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 216.</ref> | ||
Safwan also wrote a book containing hadiths from the Imams (a) about [[jurisprudential rulings]], history, wars, [[Ghazwas]], and the like. His book is transmitted by al-Najjashi through 3 intermediary transmitters, and was transmitted by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] through 4 intermediary transmitters. | Safwan also wrote a book containing hadiths from the Imams (a) about [[jurisprudential rulings]], history, wars, [[Ghazwas]], and the like. His book is transmitted by al-Najjashi through 3 intermediary transmitters, and was transmitted by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] through 4 intermediary transmitters.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Fihrist'', p. 171; Najāshī, ''Rijāl al-Najāshī'', p. 140.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
* | * Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. 1st edition. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1409 AH. | ||
* Ḥillī, ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Aḥmad. ''Farḥat al-gharrī''. Edited by Āl Shuʿayb al-Musawī, [n.p]. [n.d]. | |||
* Ibn Qūlawayh, Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad. ''Kāmil al-zīyārāt''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn Amīnī. Najaf: Dār al-Murtaḍawīyya, 1356 Sh. | |||
* Kashshī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl'' known as ''Rijāl al-Kashshī''. | |||
* Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. [n.p]. [n.d]. | |||
* Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Irshād''. [n.p]. [n.d]. | |||
* Ṭūsī, Muḥamamd b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Miṣbāḥ al-mutahajjid wa silāḥ al-mutaʿabbid''. Beirut: Muʾassisat Fiqh al-Shīʿa, 1411 AH. | |||
* Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥaasn al-. ''Al-Rijāl al-Ṭūsī''. [n.p]. [n.d]. | |||
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