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Fatahiyya: Difference between revisions
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* 'Abd Allah's title as Aftah due to having a large head (aftah al-ra's) or large feet (aftah al-rijlayn). | * 'Abd Allah's title as Aftah due to having a large head (aftah al-ra's) or large feet (aftah al-rijlayn). | ||
* Some others consider the leadership of another person called 'Abd Allah b. Fatih from [[Kufa]] for this movement as the reason for calling this sect Fatahiyya. | * Some others consider the leadership of another person called 'Abd Allah b. Fatih from [[Kufa]] for this movement as the reason for calling this sect Fatahiyya.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl'', vol. 2, p. 524.</ref> | ||
== Destiny of 'Abd Allah Aftah == | == Destiny of 'Abd Allah Aftah == | ||
{{main|'Abd Allah al-Aftah}} | {{main|'Abd Allah al-Aftah}} | ||
'Abd Allah, was the eldest son of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] after [[Isma'il b. al-Imam al-Sadiq (a)|Isma'il]]. His mother was Fatima bt. Husayn b. Hasan b. Ali. | 'Abd Allah, was the eldest son of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] after [[Isma'il b. al-Imam al-Sadiq (a)|Isma'il]]. His mother was Fatima bt. Husayn b. Hasan b. Ali.<ref>Shahristānī, ''al-Milal wa l-niḥal'', vol. 1, p. 148.</ref> | ||
According to some historical sources, he was inclined toward [[Murji'a]]{{enote|A theological sect the followers of which believed that worshipping together with disbelief has no benefit, and that, sinning does not decrease anything from faith. This sect considered intention and belief important and regarded speech and actions unimportant.}} and [[Hashwiyya]]{{enote|Followers of this sect are the extremists among Sunnis who did not care about rational thoughts and considered them unlawful innovations.}} thoughts so much that Imam al-Sadiq (a) called him Murji'a Kabir and therefore, he was rejected by his father. | According to some historical sources, he was inclined toward [[Murji'a]]{{enote|A theological sect the followers of which believed that worshipping together with disbelief has no benefit, and that, sinning does not decrease anything from faith. This sect considered intention and belief important and regarded speech and actions unimportant.}} and [[Hashwiyya]]{{enote|Followers of this sect are the extremists among Sunnis who did not care about rational thoughts and considered them unlawful innovations.}} thoughts so much that Imam al-Sadiq (a) called him Murji'a Kabir and therefore, he was rejected by his father.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Fuṣūl al-mukhtāra'', p. 312.</ref> | ||
After the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a), 'Abd Allah introduced himself the successor of his father and took his place. He performed Imam's (a) [[ghusl]], [[Shrouding]] and [[burial]] and wore his ring. He referred to this quote from Imam al-Sadiq (a) that "every imam's imamate will be transferred to his elder son" and gathered people around himself. | After the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a), 'Abd Allah introduced himself the successor of his father and took his place. He performed Imam's (a) [[ghusl]], [[Shrouding]] and [[burial]] and wore his ring.<ref>Shahristānī, ''al-Milal wa l-niḥal'', vol. 1, p. 148.</ref> He referred to this quote from Imam al-Sadiq (a) that "every imam's imamate will be transferred to his elder son" and gathered people around himself. | ||
'Abd Allah died 70 days after the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a) and left no children. Therefore, the belief in the imamate of 'Abd Allah Aftah ended and most of his followers turned to believe in the imamate of Imam al-Kazim (a). | 'Abd Allah died 70 days after the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a) and left no children.<ref>Shahristānī, ''al-Milal wa l-niḥal'', vol. 1, p. 148.</ref> Therefore, the belief in the imamate of 'Abd Allah Aftah ended and most of his followers turned to believe in the imamate of Imam al-Kazim (a).<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl'', vol. 2, p. 525.</ref> | ||
== Fatahiyya Famous Figures == | == Fatahiyya Famous Figures == | ||
At the beginning of the claim of 'Abd Allah, many great [[List of Companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)|companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] accepted his claim and considered him the true successor of Imam (a), the most famous of whom were: | At the beginning of the claim of 'Abd Allah, many great [[List of Companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)|companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] accepted his claim and considered him the true successor of Imam (a), the most famous of whom were: | ||
{{cb|2}} | {{cb|2}} | ||
*[['Abd Allah b. Bukayr]] | *[['Abd Allah b. Bukayr]]<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Fihrist'', p. 173.</ref> | ||
*[['Ammar b. Musa al-Sabati]] | *[['Ammar b. Musa al-Sabati]]<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Fihrist'', p. 189.</ref> | ||
*[[Ishaq b. 'Ammar al-Sabati]] | *[[Ishaq b. 'Ammar al-Sabati]]<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Fihrist'', p. 54.</ref> | ||
*[[Hasan b. Ali b. Faddal]] | *[[Hasan b. Ali b. Faddal]]<ref>Najāshī, ''Rijāl'', p. 35.</ref> | ||
*[[Ali b. Asbat]] | *[[Ali b. Asbat]]<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl'', vol. 2, p. 853.</ref> | ||
*[[Yunus b. Ya'qub]] | *[[Yunus b. Ya'qub]]<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl'', vol. 2, p. 682.</ref> | ||
*[['Ali b. Hadid b. Hakim]] | *[['Ali b. Hadid b. Hakim]]<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl'', vol. 2, p. 840.</ref> | ||
*[[Ahmad b. al-Hasan b. Ali b. Fadal]] | *[[Ahmad b. al-Hasan b. Ali b. Fadal]]<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Fihrist'', p. 67.</ref> | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
Based on historical evidences, many of these people returned from their belief in 'Abd Allah Aftah and there are no evidence whether others returned from that belief or not; however, it can be understood from [[rijal]] sources that all the mentioned people, despite their beliefs, were among reliable transmitters of hadiths who were trustworthy before Imams (a) and the [[Shi'a]] scholars. For example, [[Imam al-'Askari (a)]] was asked about the validity of [[hadith]]s transmitted by Bani Faddal who was a follower of Fatahiyya, and he (a) answered, | Based on historical evidences, many of these people returned from their belief in 'Abd Allah Aftah and there are no evidence whether others returned from that belief or not; however, it can be understood from [[rijal]] sources that all the mentioned people, despite their beliefs, were among reliable transmitters of hadiths who were trustworthy before Imams (a) and the [[Shi'a]] scholars. For example, [[Imam al-'Askari (a)]] was asked about the validity of [[hadith]]s transmitted by Bani Faddal who was a follower of Fatahiyya, and he (a) answered, | ||
:"Act according to their hadiths, but leave their beliefs." | :"Act according to their hadiths, but leave their beliefs."<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Ghayba'', p. 390.</ref> | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ref}} | |||
*Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Fuṣūl al-mukhtāra''. Edited by Sayyid ʿAlī Mīr Sharīfī. Beirut: Dār al-Mufīd, 1414 AH. | |||
*Najāshī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Rijāl''. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1424 AH. | |||
*Shahristānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Karīm al-. ''Al-Milal wa l-niḥal''. Cairo: Maktabat al-Anjulu al-Miṣrrīyya, [n.d]. | |||
*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Fihrist''. Qom: Nashr al-Fiqāha, 1417 AH. | |||
*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Ghayba''. Edited by Ṭihrānī. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmīyya, 1411 AH. | |||
*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, [n.d]. | |||
{{Shi'a Denominations}} | {{Shi'a Denominations}} | ||
{{Denominations}} | {{Denominations}} | ||
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