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Al-Hawza al-'Ilmiyya: Difference between revisions
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== Elements of Establishment and Declination == | == Elements of Establishment and Declination == | ||
* '''Existence of great scholars and holding classes''', have been the most important factor of establishment and survival of the seminary; for example, the seminary of Najaf began when [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] left Baghdad and sought refuge to the holy shrine of [[Imam Ali (a)]]. Actually, the spiritual attraction of the [[ | * '''Existence of great scholars and holding classes''', have been the most important factor of establishment and survival of the seminary; for example, the [[seminary of Najaf]] began when [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] left Baghdad and sought refuge to the holy shrine of [[Imam Ali (a)]]. Actually, the spiritual attraction of the [[Holy Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a)]] has always been the cause of prosperity, coming, and settlement of groups of [[Shi'a]]. However, coming of Muhammad b. Hasan al-Tusi attracted Shi'a to come from different places ([[Baghdad]], [[Rey]], [[Aleppo]], [[Tripoli]], [[Qom]], [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]], and [[Transoxiana]]) to [[Najaf]] and establish the most effective and lasting Shi'a seminary. | ||
* '''Holy shrines of Shi'a imams (a)''' and some of their progeny have provided a suitable place for establishing seminaries due to the gathering of Shi'a around them. Seminaries of Qom, Mashhad, Karbala, [[Kadhimiya]], and [[Samarra]] are in this group. | * '''Holy shrines of Shi'a imams (a)''' and some of their progeny have provided a suitable place for establishing seminaries due to the gathering of Shi'a around them. Seminaries of Qom, Mashhad, Karbala, [[Seminary of Kadhimiya|Kadhimiya]], and [[Seminary of Samarra|Samarra]] are in this group. | ||
* '''Political centralization of some cities at the times of Shi'a rulers''' resulted in establishment of some seminaries in [[Isfahan]], [[Tehran]], [[Qazvin]], and [[Tabriz]]. | * '''Political centralization of some cities at the times of Shi'a rulers''' resulted in establishment of some seminaries in [[Seminary of Isfahan|Isfahan]], [[Seminary of Tehran|Tehran]], [[Seminary of Qazvin|Qazvin]], and [[Seminary of Tabriz|Tabriz]]. | ||
* '''Educational needs''': There have been some seminaries which were established due to educational needs in a Shi'a city such as the seminaries of [[Kashan]], [[Shiraz]], Sabzevar, [[Shushtar]], [[Jabal Amel]], and [[Bahrain]]. | * '''Educational needs''': There have been some seminaries which were established due to educational needs in a Shi'a city such as the seminaries of [[Seminary of Kashan|Kashan]], [[Seminary of Shiraz|Shiraz]], [[Seminary of Sabzevar|Sabzevar]], [[Seminary of Shushtar|Shushtar]], [[Seminary of Jabal Amel|Jabal Amel]], and [[Seminary of Bahrain|Bahrain]]. | ||
===Causes of Declination of Seminaries=== | ===Causes of Declination of Seminaries=== | ||
* Whenever, for any reason, the presence of top scholars has been limited or it became empty from enthusiast students, that seminary has declined; especially, if a great scholar held his classes in another city and attracted students there. | * Whenever, for any reason, the presence of top scholars has been limited or it became empty from enthusiast students, that seminary has declined; especially, if a great scholar held his classes in another city and attracted students there. | ||
* Sometimes, natural disasters and political and cultural difficulties caused a seminary to shut down or decline such as Mahmud Afghan's attack to Isfahan stopped the seminary of this city from working; or in the time of [[Pahlavi]], the serious policy of the government was to dismiss Islamic scholars from preaching activities and even banning wearing the common clothes of clergies and this declined the seminaries of most cities of Iran and especially Tehran. | * Sometimes, natural disasters and political and cultural difficulties caused a seminary to shut down or decline such as Mahmud Afghan's attack to Isfahan stopped the seminary of this city from working; or in the time of [[Pahlavi]], the serious policy of the government was to dismiss Islamic scholars from preaching activities and even banning wearing the common clothes of clergies and this declined the seminaries of most cities of [[Iran]] and especially Tehran. | ||
== Management == | == Management == | ||