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Riyad al-'ulama' wa hiyad al-fudala' (book): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox book | {{Infobox book | ||
| name =Riyad al-'ulama' wa hiyad al-fudala' | | name =Riyad al-'ulama' wa hiyad al-fudala' | ||
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| author =[[ | | author =[['Abd Allah Afandi]] | ||
| title_orig = ریاض العلماء و حیاض الفضلاء | | title_orig = ریاض العلماء و حیاض الفضلاء | ||
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| publisher = Mu'assisa al-Tarikh al-Arabi | | publisher = Mu'assisa al-Tarikh al-'Arabi | ||
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'''''Riyāḍ al-ʿulamāʾ wa ḥiyāḍ al-fuḍalāʾ'''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|ریاض العلماء و حیاض الفضلاء}} ) is a book that was written by [[Mirza 'Abd Allah Afandi]] (b.[[1066]]/1656 – d.[[1130]]/1718) and is about biography of [[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]] scholars. Afandi authored this book in an alphabetical way consisting of ten volumes; five volumes were dedicated to biography of Shi'a scholars, and the other half had to do with Sunni scholars. | '''''Riyāḍ al-ʿulamāʾ wa ḥiyāḍ al-fuḍalāʾ'''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|ریاض العلماء و حیاض الفضلاء}}) is a book that was written by [[Mirza 'Abd Allah Afandi]] (b.[[1066]]/1656 – d.[[1130]]/1718) and is about biography of [[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]] scholars. Afandi authored this book in an alphabetical way consisting of ten volumes; five volumes were dedicated to biography of Shi'a scholars, and the other half had to do with Sunni scholars. | ||
Riyad al-'ulama is the most notable work of Afandi. It is compared to ''[[Jawahir al-kalam (Book)|Jawahir al-kalam | Riyad al-'ulama is the most notable work of Afandi. It is compared to ''[[Jawahir al-kalam (Book)|Jawahir al-kalam]]'' (written by [[Muhammad Hasan Najafi]]) in terms of technicality, and it represents the validity and significance of the book. Afandi was going to author a book on the biography of Shi'i scholars since [[Occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (aj)]] to his era, but sometimes he dealt with other subjects. This book remained forever in a draft form. | ||
== Author == | == Author == | ||
{{main|'Abd Allah b. 'Isa Afandi}} | {{main|'Abd Allah b. 'Isa Afandi}} | ||
'Abd Allah b. 'Isa Biyg Jiyrani known as Mirza 'Abd Allah Afandi, was expert in rational and traditional sciences, and was also a professional bibliographer and biographer of religious scholars. He was born in Isfahan in [[1066]]/1656, when [[Safavid dynasty]] was governing the country, but he was originally from [[Tabriz]] and was born in a prosperous family. | |||
It is said that he spent half of his life making travels and visited a lot of Islamic territories such as [[Hijaz]], [[Iraq]], [[Ottoman Empire]], Caucasus, Turkestan, Afghanistan and [[India]].<ref>Afandi, ''Riyad al-'ulam' '', vol.3 p.230</ref> He passed away in [[1130]]/1718, before [[Iran]] was attacked by Mahmud Afghan.<ref>Jazayiri, ''al-Ijazat al-kabira'', p.147; | It is said that he spent half of his life making travels and visited a lot of Islamic territories such as [[Hijaz]], [[Iraq]], [[Ottoman Empire]], Caucasus, Turkestan, Afghanistan and [[India]].<ref>Afandi, ''Riyad al-'ulam' '', vol.3 p.230</ref> He passed away in [[1130]]/1718, before [[Iran]] was attacked by Mahmud Afghan.<ref>Al-Jazayiri, ''al-Ijazat al-kabira'', p.147; Khwansari, ''Rawdat al-jannat'', vol.4 p.256-257</ref> His death place is not known yet.<ref>Mar'ashi Najafi, ''Zahr al-riyad'', p.22</ref> | ||
Riyad al-'ulama is the most notable work of Afandi. It is compared to ''[[Jawahir al-kalam (Book)|Jawahir al-kalam fi sharh sharayi' al-islam]]'' (written by [[Muhammad Hasan Najafi]]) which is considerable in Imami fiqh- in terms of technicality,<ref>Nuri, ''al-Fayd al-qudsi'', p.86</ref> and it represents the validity and significance of the book. Afandi began to write the book at the age of forty.<ref>Afandi, ''Riyad al-'ulam' '', vol.3 p.233</ref> This book remained forever in a draft form, and perhaps that is why there are some neglects in phrases and themes. | |||
== Sources == | |||
The sources of ''Riad al-'ulama' '' are the most noteworthy works of [[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]] including history, tarajum (biographies and autobiographies) and literature. Moreover, he took advantage of geographical sources, contracts of [[waqf]]s, and also got permission from scholars to write about their life. Moreover, his findings from his contemporary men has raised the significance of this work.<ref>Sa'idi Khurasani, ''Tarikh wa safarnama-yi hazin'', Diwan</ref> He has quoted exactly the same phrases and has been loyal to the sources,<ref>see: Afandi, ''Riyad al-'ulam' '', vol.1 p.163, vol.2 p.20</ref> yet he has mentioned the refined instances after correcting and juxtaposing the references.<ref>see: Afandi, ''Riyad al-'ulam' '', vol.1 p.18,23,30,82, vol.2 p.440</ref> | |||
== Structure == | |||
''Riad al-'ulama' '' was written in ten volumes and was sorted alphabetically. It was divided into two parts; the first five volumes were devoted to Shi'a scholars, and the second five volumes to Sunni scholars. Two parts of Shi'a volumes and three parts of Sunni volumes were destroyed, but Sayyid Ahmad Husayni, the editor of the book, reconstructed the Shi'a parts according to Mirza 'Abd Allah Afandi's commentary on ''Amal al-'amil'', that was written by [[al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-'Amili]] (b. [[1030]]/1621 – d.[[1104]]/1693, a prominent [[muhaddith]] and [[Twelver Shi'a]] scholar).<ref>Zikawati, ''Riyad al-'ulam' '', p.38</ref> | |||
He dealt with the social affairs of his age, and even sometimes touched on the subjects such as [[khiraj]], [[Friday Prayer | == Features == | ||
He dealt with the social affairs of his age, and even sometimes touched on the subjects such as [[khiraj]], [[Friday Prayer]], use of tobacco, and disagreement between [[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]], and expressed his point of view independently.<ref>Zikawati, ''Riyad al-'ulam' '', p.43</ref> As were widespread in his era, He was severely opposed to the [[Sufism]], sages and philosophers and believed that Sufi convictions and doctrines ought to be regarded as sins.<ref>Afandi, ''Riyad al-'ulam' '', vol.2 p.258</ref> He was going to author a book on the biography of Shi'a scholars since [[Occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (aj)]] to his era, but he sometimes dealt with other subjects. | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* Nuri, Husayn. '' | {{references}} | ||
* Afandi, 'Abd Allah b. Isa. ''Riyad al-'ulam' wa hiad al-fudala' ''. | * The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/ریاض_العلماء_و_حیاض_الفضلاء_(کتاب) ریاض العلماء و حیاض الفضلاء(کتاب)] in Farsi Wikishia. | ||
* Jazayiri, 'Abd Allah. ''Al-Ijazat al-kabira''. Qom: 1409 | * Nuri, Husayn. ''Al-Fayd al-qudsi''. | ||
* | * Afandi, 'Abd Allah b. Isa. ''Riyad al-'ulam' wa hiad al-fudala' ''. Qom: Mu'assisat al-Tarikh al-'Arabi. | ||
* Jazayiri, 'Abd Allah al-. ''Al-Ijazat al-kabira''. Qom: 1409 AH. | |||
* Khwansari, Muhammad. ''Rawdat al-jannat''. Qom: 1391 AH. | |||
* Mar'ashi Najafi, Shahab al-Din. ''Zahr al-riyad''. Preface of Riyad al-'Ulama' | * Mar'ashi Najafi, Shahab al-Din. ''Zahr al-riyad''. Preface of Riyad al-'Ulama' | ||
* Sa'idi Khurasani, Muhammad Baqir. ''Tarikh wa | * Sa'idi Khurasani, Muhammad Baqir. ''Tarikh wa safarnama-yi hazin'', Diwan. Tehran: 1350 | ||
* Zikawati, 'Ali Rida. ''Kitab Riyad al-'ulam' ''. Nashr Danish mag. 1363, no.24 | * Zikawati, 'Ali Rida. ''Kitab Riyad al-'ulam' ''. Nashr Danish mag. 1363 Sh, no.24 | ||
{{end}} | |||
{{Shi'a Rijali and Biographical Books}} | {{Shi'a Rijali and Biographical Books}} | ||
[[ | [[fa:ریاض العلماء و حیاض الفضلاء (کتاب)]] | ||
[[Category:Rijal works]] | [[Category:Rijal works]] | ||
[[Category:Written sources of 17th century]] | |||