Eid al-Fitr: Difference between revisions

It is also mentioned that "Tatafattarat" (Arabic:{{inlineArabic| تَفَطَّرَت}}) and "Infatarat" have the same meaning and "Iftar" (Arabic:{{inlineArabic| إِفطار}}) and "Fitr" (Arabic:{{inlineArabic| فِطر}}) are from the same root since the fasting person opens his mouth to eat at sunset and on the day of Eid al-Fitr.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', under the word "{{ia|فطر}}".</ref>

According to some [[hadith]], the month of [[Ramadan]] is always 30 days and will never be less.<ref>See: Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 10, p. 268-274.</ref> Some of scholars of the past supported these hadiths.<ref>See: Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, ''al-Iqbāl bi-l-aʿmāl al-ḥasana'', vol. 1, p. 33-35.</ref> However, some hadiths say that the month of Ramadan like other months can be 29 or 30 days.<ref>See: Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 10, p. 261-268.</ref> Most [[faqih|jurists]] support these hadiths.<ref>Āmulī, ''Miṣbāḥ al-hudā'', vol. 8, p. 384.</ref>

* [[Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)]] looked at some people who were happy and laughed; then he (a) turned to his companions and said, 'God, the Almighty, created the month of Ramadan as a field for the competition of his creatures so that through obeying God, they excel each other towards His happiness. Some excelled and won, and some left behind and lost. Thus, it is so surprising one who is frivolously playful and laughing on the day the good-doers are rewarded and those who fall behind lose. By God, I swear that if the veils are removed, the good-doer will engage in his good-doing and the evil-doer will be taken captive in his evil-doing."<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 174.</ref>

* [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] said, "The day of Fitr is appointed as Eid so that Muslims have a gathering and come out for the sake of God and praise Him for the blessings they have been given; and the day of Eid is the day of gathering, day of breaking the [[fasting]], day of giving Zakat, day of happiness and day of worship; and it is the first day of the year in which eating and drinking is permissible since the month of Ramadan is the first month of the year for the people of truth. So, God wanted them to have a gathering to praise the Lord and on this day, saying Takbir in the [[prayer]] is more than other days because Takbir is glorifying God and praising Him for His blessings as He has said, 'and magnify Allah for guiding you, and that you may give thanks.' (2:185) and in that day, 12 Takbirs have been instructed to be said, of which 7 have to be said in the first [[Rak'a]] and 5 Takbirs in the second Rak'a, and they have not been made equal since it is recommended that the obligatory prayer follows 7 Takbirs. Therefore, the first Rak'a begins with 7 Takbirs. And there are 5 Takbirs in the second Rak'a, since [[Takbirat al-Ihram]] for all the prayers during one day are 5 Takbirs and because Takbirs in each of the two Rak'as be odd."<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 1, p. 522.</ref>

* On the eve of the first day of Shawwal, reciting the supplication of [[Moon Sighting]] upon seeing the new moon is recommended.<ref>Mufīd, ''Masār al-Shīʿa'', p. 29.</ref>

* Doing [[ghusl]] is recommended on this night. It is narrated that it is recommended to do ghusl before the sunset of the eve of Eid al-Fitr when one finds out it is the eve of the Eid. It is also narrated and recommended to do ghusl at the late night of the eve of Eid al-Fitr.<ref>Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, ''al-Iqbāl bi-l-aʿmāl al-ḥasana'', vol. 1, p. 457.</ref>

* [[Prayer of Eid]]: [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] quoted from Imam Ali (a), "anyone who does two Rak'as of prayer, at the first Rak'a of which one must read the [[Surat al-Fatiha]] once and the [[Surat al-Tawhid]] a thousand times and in the second Rak'a he must read the Surat al-Fatiha and the Surat al-Tawhid once and would not ask God anything unless he will receive it."<ref>Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, ''al-Iqbāl bi-l-aʿmāl al-ḥasana'', vol. 1, p. 461.</ref>

* Saying Takbirs after the prayers: (quoted from [[Mu'awiya b. Ammar]]) I heard from Imam al-Sadiq (a) said, "There are Takbirs in the Eid al-Fitr." I said, "when?" he (a) said, "In the [[Maghrib prayer]] on the eve of the Eid al-Fitr and in the [[Fajr prayer]] in the morning of the Eid al-Fitr and in the prayer of the Eid al-Fitr. Then there be no more. And this is the word of God that says, 'so that you may complete the number, and magnify Allah for guiding you,'<ref>Qurʾān, 2:185.</ref> and Takbir is saying 'Allah akbar, Allah akbar, La ilah illa Allah wa Allah akbar, wa lillah al-hamd 'ala ma hadana, wa lah al-shukr 'ala ma awlana." {{center|{{ia|اللهُ اکبر، اللهُ اکبر، لا إله إلا اللهُ و اللهُ اکبر، و لله الحمد علی ما هدانا، و له الشکر علی ما اولانا}} }}<ref>Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, ''al-Iqbāl bi-l-aʿmāl al-ḥasana'', vol. 1, p. 459.</ref>

* [[Ihya]] (night vigil); [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] said, "'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) said, 'This makes me happy that anyone during the year releases himself (for worship) at four nights: the eve of Eid al-Fitr, the eve of [[Eid al-Adha]], the eve of [[mid-Sha'ban]] and the eve of the first of [[Rajab]].<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Miṣbāḥ al-mutihajjid'', p. 589.</ref>" Imam al-Baqir (a) said, "my father, 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) stayed in the mosque on the eve of Eid al-Fitr and prayed until morning and kept the night vigil and said, 'O my son! This night is not less important than the [[night of Qadr]].'"<ref>Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, ''al-Iqbāl bi-l-aʿmāl al-ḥasana'', vol. 1, p. 465.</ref>

* Among the highly recommended actions of the day of Eid al-Fitr is doing ghusl, which can be done after [[Fajr]], but there is a disagreement about the time of [[Zuhr prayer]] or the sunset being the latest time it can be done.<ref>Āmulī, ''Miṣbāḥ al-hudā'', vol. 7, p. 86.</ref>

* It is recommended to eat something especially dates, before the prayer of Eid al-Fitr.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 11, p. 377.</ref>

* Traveling on the day of Eid after the sunrise before holding the prayer of Eid (in case of being [[Wajib|obligatory]]) is [[Haram|forbidden]]; otherwise, it is [[Makruh|disliked]].<ref>Abū l-Ṣalāḥ al-Ḥalabī, ''al-Kāfī fī l-fiqh'', p. 155.</ref>

Eid al-fitr is one of the most important Eids of Muslims in different Arab and non-Arab countries, which is followed by the holiday of 2 to 12 days and closing of governmental institutions, banks, and schools.

! Country !! no. of <br>holiday days !! Country !! no. <br>holiday days !!Country !! no. <br>holiday days!!Country !! no. <br>holiday days

| Afganistan || 3 || Bahrain ||5||Indonesia ||5||Iran ||2

|-

| Kuwait ||7|| Malaysia ||7||Iraq ||9|| Jonrdan ||4

|-

| Qatar ||12||Oman ||4 ||Saudi Arabia ||12|| Pakistan ||3

| Sudan ||5|| Syria ||5 ||Turkey ||9||UAE||4