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Companions of the Prophet (s): Difference between revisions
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==Justness of Companions== | ==Justness of Companions== | ||
[[Sunni]] Muslims, all except a small group (whom Ibn | [[Sunni]] Muslims, all except a small group (whom Ibn Hajar refers to as the [[Mubtada'a]]), are known to hold the belief that the companions were just and righteous individuals. However, apparently, it seems that not all Sunni scholars have accepted this view; hence, it is not correct to say that all Sunnis have this belief. | ||
[[Ibn Abi l-Hadid]], a Sunni [[Mu'tazilite]] scholar, says regarding those who instigated the | [[Ibn Abi l-Hadid]], a Sunni [[Mu'tazilite]] scholar, says regarding those who instigated the [[Battle of Camel]]: | ||
"According to the view of our companions, the Mu'tazilites, they are all doomed, except [[ | |||
Regarding the army of [[Syria]] in [[ | "According to the view of our companions, the Mu'tazilites, they are all doomed, except [[Aisha]], [[Talha|Ṭalḥah]], and [[al-Zubayr]]. They are not doomed because they repented from their deeds, and had they not repented, their punishment would have been the hell fire for their insistence in rebellion and treachery (against a rightful leader)". | ||
Regarding the army of [[Syria]] in [[Siffin]], he says: | |||
"According to the view of our companions, the Mu'tazilites believe that, they are all doomed for their insistence in rebellion and treachery (against a rightful leader), and they all died in this state, the leaders and the followers". | "According to the view of our companions, the Mu'tazilites believe that, they are all doomed for their insistence in rebellion and treachery (against a rightful leader), and they all died in this state, the leaders and the followers". | ||
Regarding the [[Khawarij]], Ibn Abi l- | |||
"According to the view of our companions, the Mu'tazilites believe that, without any dispute (among the scholars) they are in the hell fire. As a general principle, we the Mu'tazilites, consider every unrighteous and sinful person, who dies in the state of sin and infringement of God's commandments, to be hell bound. And there is no doubt that every rebel and traitor against a rightful [[Imam]] (Imam al-Haqq) is unrighteous and sinful." Verses of the holy Qur'an have also been used to argue for the righteousness and justice of the Sahaba . One particular verse which is often employed, is: | Regarding the [[Khawarij]], Ibn Abi l-Hadid says: | ||
"According to the view of our companions, the Mu'tazilites believe that, without any dispute (among the scholars) they are in the hell fire. As a general principle, we the Mu'tazilites, consider every unrighteous and sinful person, who dies in the state of sin and infringement of God's commandments, to be hell bound. And there is no doubt that every rebel and traitor against a rightful [[Imam]] (Imam al-Haqq) is unrighteous and sinful." Verses of the holy Qur'an have also been used to argue for the righteousness and justice of the Sahaba. One particular verse which is often employed, is: | |||
{{ | {{ | ||
centered pull quote|{{center|''' وَالسَّابِقُونَ الْأَوَّلُونَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنصَارِ وَالَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُم بِإِحْسَانٍ رَّضِيَ اللَّـهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ '''}} | centered pull quote|{{center|'''{{ia| وَالسَّابِقُونَ الْأَوَّلُونَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنصَارِ وَالَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُم بِإِحْسَانٍ رَّضِيَ اللَّـهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ }}'''}} | ||
"And the foremost (among them are), the first from the | "And the foremost (among them are), the first from the Muhajirun (Immigrants) and the Ansar (Helpers), and those who followed them in goodness, Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Allah…". | ||
| align=center | | align=center | ||
|author=[[Qur'an]] | |author=[[Qur'an]] | ||
|source= Ch: 9, V: 100 | |source= Ch: 9, V: 100 | ||
}} | }} | ||
This verse however, does not indicate that all of the companions were just and righteous individuals, especially since the holy [[Qur'an]] mentions the unfavourable acts and characteristics of some companions. | This verse however, does not indicate that all of the companions were just and righteous individuals, especially since the holy [[Qur'an]] mentions the unfavourable acts and characteristics of some companions. It mentions that some of them had a sickness in their hearts, that a number of them would act as spies for the hypocrites, the fact that there are unrighteous and sinful individuals among them, and that the [[Prophet (s)]] was averse towards some of them. Therefore, it is not agreeable that God was pleased with such individuals, for He says in the holy Qur'an: | ||
{{ | {{ | ||
centered pull quote|{{center|Indeed Allah will not be pleased with the transgressors'''}} | centered pull quote|{{center|Indeed Allah will not be pleased with the transgressors'''}} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Secondly, their excellence over others, and God being pleased with them is conditional to them believing and practicing good deeds, the reason being that the praise of the believers in this verse comes after condemning the hypocrites for their disbelief and evil works. Furthermore, in the other instances where God praises the believers, it is always done so while being conditional to them having faith and doing good deeds. If this were not the case, it would be a direct opposition of the clear message of verse ninety-six in | Secondly, their excellence over others, and God being pleased with them is conditional to them believing and practicing good deeds, the reason being that the praise of the believers in this verse comes after condemning the hypocrites for their disbelief and evil works. Furthermore, in the other instances where God praises the believers, it is always done so while being conditional to them having faith and doing good deeds. If this were not the case, it would be a direct opposition of the clear message of verse ninety-six in [[Sura al-Tawba]] (repentance), where God states his displeasure with the transgressors. It also goes against verse one-hundred and twenty-three of surah Nisa, in which God states '…whoever commits evil, shall be requited for it…', and many other verses of the Qur'an. | ||
Another verse that has been used to establish that the companions of the Prophet (s) were all righteous and just is: | Another verse that has been used to establish that the companions of the Prophet (s) were all righteous and just is: | ||
{{ | {{ | ||
centered pull quote|{{center|''' كُنتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ'''}} | centered pull quote|{{center|'''{{ia| كُنتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ}}'''}} | ||
"You are the best nation to have been brought forward for mankind…". | |||
| align=center | | align=center | ||
|author=[[Qur'an]] | |author=[[Qur'an]] | ||
| Line 81: | Line 87: | ||
Similarly, this verse also does not support the claim that all the companions of the Prophet were righteous and just, since it is enough that a group would exist in this nation that has not existed in any other nation for it to qualify as the best of nations. In addition, if this verse was to establish the righteousness and justness of the entire Islamic nation, then we should not find any hypocrites and even apostates among their ranks, whereas we know this is clearly not the case . | Similarly, this verse also does not support the claim that all the companions of the Prophet were righteous and just, since it is enough that a group would exist in this nation that has not existed in any other nation for it to qualify as the best of nations. In addition, if this verse was to establish the righteousness and justness of the entire Islamic nation, then we should not find any hypocrites and even apostates among their ranks, whereas we know this is clearly not the case . | ||
==What | ==What Shias Believe == | ||
The Shias believe that the companions of the [[Prophet (s)]] are just like all other people, and the justice or veracity of an individual cannot be established purely based on them being one of the Sahaba . | The Shias believe that the companions of the [[Prophet (s)]] are just like all other people, and the justice or veracity of an individual cannot be established purely based on them being one of the Sahaba . | ||
Considering that the number of Sahaba has been recorded as one-hundred and fourteen-thousand, it is ordinarily impossible for such a large number of individuals to reach the acclaimed level of piety, by abstaining from any major sins and not repeating any minor sins, with only a meeting with the Prophet (s) and believing in him. This is also given the fact that different individuals had different reasons for accepting Islam; some chose freely to convert, while others converted out of fear and pressure, a group still out of their own interests or because they received motivations to do so . | Considering that the number of Sahaba has been recorded as one-hundred and fourteen-thousand, it is ordinarily impossible for such a large number of individuals to reach the acclaimed level of piety, by abstaining from any major sins and not repeating any minor sins, with only a meeting with the Prophet (s) and believing in him. This is also given the fact that different individuals had different reasons for accepting Islam; some chose freely to convert, while others converted out of fear and pressure, a group still out of their own interests or because they received motivations to do so. | ||
The apostasy of companions such as [['Abd Allah b. Jahsh]],[[ ' | |||
The apostasy of companions such as [['Abd Allah b. Jahsh]], [['Abd Allah b. Khatal]], [[Rabi'a b. Umayya]], and [[Ash'ath b. Qays]], also disproves the theory that being a companion keeps one away from sin. | |||
Lastly, some of actions of the companions are incompatible with the quality of being just and righteous. History is replete with examples of: | Lastly, some of actions of the companions are incompatible with the quality of being just and righteous. History is replete with examples of: | ||
* Companions going to war with a righteous Imam | * Companions going to war with a righteous Imam | ||
* (causing the) Killing of innocents | * (causing the) Killing of innocents | ||
* Usurping property | * Usurping property | ||
* Slandering and cursing | * Slandering and cursing | ||
* Starting wars between Muslims | * Starting wars between Muslims | ||
* Sowing sedition and discord among the | * Sowing sedition and discord among the Muslim society while having an insatiable thirst for power. | ||
As an example, the behavior of [[Marwan b. Hakam]] during the time of [['Uthman b. 'Affan|'Uthman]] is very famous. Also the problematic actions of [[Busr b. | As an example, the behavior of [[Marwan b. Hakam]] during the time of [['Uthman b. 'Affan|'Uthman]] is very famous. Also the problematic actions of [[Busr b. Artat]], [[Mughira b. Shu'ba]], and [[Walid b. 'Uqba]], who were all apparently from Sahaba . | ||
In the view of the [[Shi'a]]s, the best of the Prophet's (s) companions were [[Imam 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] and his two sons, [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. | In the view of the [[Shi'a]]s, the best of the Prophet's (s) companions were [[Imam 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] and his two sons, [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87 صحابه] in Farsi Wikishia. | The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87 {{ia|صحابه}}] in Farsi Wikishia. | ||
{{Sahabas}} | {{Sahabas}} | ||