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Migration to Abyssinia: Difference between revisions
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:::''{{about|'''Hijra of some companions of Prophet Muhammad (s) to Abyssina'''|other event called '''Hijra'''|Hijra (disambiguation)}}'' | :::''{{about|'''Hijra of some companions of Prophet Muhammad (s) to Abyssina'''|other event called '''Hijra'''|Hijra (disambiguation)}}'' | ||
{{Early Islam}} | {{Early Islam}} | ||
'''Migration to Abyssinia''' was an event in which some Muslims in [[Mecca]] migrated to [[Abyssinia]] in the early years of [[bi'that]] at the command of [[ | '''Migration to Abyssinia''' was an event in which some Muslims in [[Mecca]] migrated to [[Abyssinia]] in the early years of [[bi'that]] at the command of the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] in order to escape the brutal oppression of the [[polytheist]]s. The [[Quraysh]] sent [['Amr b. al-'As]] and 'Abd Allah b. Abi Rabi'a to Abyssinia in order to extradite the [[:Category:Emigrants to Abyssinia|emmigrants]], but the King of Abyssinia - known as [[Negus]]—was impressed by the remarks of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]], the head of the migrants, and thus he did not surrender them to the polytheists. Some Muslims passed away in Abyssinia, and some of them had children there; [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far]]—[[Lady Zaynab (a)]]'s husband—was born in Abyssinia. | ||
==Reason== | ==Reason== | ||
After [[bi'that]] (the first [[revelation]] of [[ | After [[bi'that]] (the first [[revelation]] of the [[Prophet (s)]]), some people in [[Mecca]] believed in the Prophet (s). In reaction to this, heads of [[Quraysh]] began torturing and persecuting people who converted to [[Islam]]. Thus the Prophet (s) told Muslims to migrate to Abyssinia, because its ruler—[[Ashama b. Abjar]]—was a just and pious [[Christianity|Christian]]. The migration took place surreptitiously; two commercial ships took the [[:Category:Emigrants to Abyssinia|emigrants to Abyssinia]] with half the price. There were two migrations by Muslims to Abyssinia. According to [[al-Ya'qubi]], in the first migration 12 men went to Abyssinia, and in the second 70 men (not including women and children) migrated there. | ||
==First Migration== | ==First Migration== | ||
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[['Uthman b. Maz'un]] entered Mecca under the refuge of one polytheist. But when he saw that other Muslims were being persecuted, he asked that polytheist to remove the refuge so that he could be persecuted too. When he was being tortured, he expressed gratification. | [['Uthman b. Maz'un]] entered Mecca under the refuge of one polytheist. But when he saw that other Muslims were being persecuted, he asked that polytheist to remove the refuge so that he could be persecuted too. When he was being tortured, he expressed gratification. | ||
===Migrants=== | ===Migrants of the First Migration=== | ||
* [['Uthman b. 'Affan]] and his wife [[Ruqayya bt. Muhammad|Ruqayya]] | * [['Uthman b. 'Affan]] and his wife [[Ruqayya bt. Muhammad|Ruqayya]] | ||
* [[Abu Hudhayfa|Abu Hudhayfa b. 'Utba b. Rabi'a]] with his wife, Sahla bt. Suhayl b. 'Amr b. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy | * [[Abu Hudhayfa|Abu Hudhayfa b. 'Utba b. Rabi'a]] with his wife, Sahla bt. Suhayl b. 'Amr b. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy | ||
* [[Al-Zubayr b. al- | * [[Al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam]] | ||
* | * Abu Sabra b. Abi Ruhm b. 'Abd al-Ghura al-'Amiri from Banu 'Amir b. Lu'ayy | ||
* [[Suhayl b. Bayda']] from | * [[Suhayl b. Bayda']] from Banu l-Harith b. Fahr | ||
* [['Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]] | * [['Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]] | ||
* [['Amir b. Rabi'a al-' | * [['Amir b. Rabi'a al-'Anzi]], an ally of [[Banu 'Udayy]], with his wife, Layla bt. Abi Hathama | ||
* [[Mus'ab b. 'Umayr]], the handsome chap who later taught the [[Qur'an]] to [[Ansar]] | * [[Mus'ab b. 'Umayr]], the handsome chap who later taught the [[Qur'an]] to [[Ansar]] | ||
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==Second Migration== | ==Second Migration== | ||
Once again [[ | Once again the [[Prophet (s)]] ordered Muslims to migrate to [[Abyssinia]] under the leadership of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]]. This time the migrants were 83 people. | ||
===Migrants=== | ===Migrants=== | ||
* Ja'far b. Abi Talib: he was the leader of the migrants in the second migration. He later came to be known as Ja'far Dhu l-Janahayn and Ja'far al-Tayyar. His wife was [[Asma' bt. 'Umays]] and his children were 'Abd Allah, Muhammad, and 'Awn. | Some of the famous migrants in the second migration are: | ||
* Ja'far b. Abi Talib: he was the leader of the migrants in the second migration. He later came to be known as Ja'far Dhu l-Janahayn and Ja'far al-Tayyar. His wife was [[Asma' bt. 'Umays]] and his children were [['Abd ALlah b. Ja'far|'Abd Allah]], Muhammad, and 'Awn. | |||
* [[ | * [[Sawda bt. Zam'at bt. Qays|Sawda]] who went to [[Abyssinia]] with her husband Sukran. Sukran converted to [[Christianity]] and passed away in Abyssinia. Sawda later married the [[Prophet (s)]]. | ||
* [[Umm Habiba|Umm Habiba bt. Abi Sufyan b. Harb]] who went to Abyssinia with her husband, [['Abd Allah b. Jahsh]]. On one account, her husband died there, and on another, he converted to Christianity. Later Umm Habiba married the Prophet (s). | * [[Umm Habiba|Umm Habiba bt. Abi Sufyan b. Harb]] who went to Abyssinia with her husband, [['Abd Allah b. Jahsh]]. On one account, her husband died there, and on another, he converted to Christianity. Later Umm Habiba married the Prophet (s). | ||
* [[Khalid b. Sa'id b. 'As b. Umayya]]. Waqidi cited him as saying that he was one of the first people who migrated to Abyssinia. | * [[Khalid b. Sa'id b. 'As b. Umayya]]. Al-Waqidi cited him as saying that he was one of the first people who migrated to Abyssinia. | ||
* [['Umayr b. Rubab al-Sahmi]] who was later killed in [[Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa|Abu Bakr]]'s conquests. | * [['Umayr b. Rubab al-Sahmi]] who was later killed in [[Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa|Abu Bakr]]'s conquests. | ||
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The migrants gradually returned from [[Abyssinia]]. Those who had returned after the first migration stayed in [[Mecca]] and then migrated with other Muslims to [[Medina]]. Some of them returned to Medina prior to the [[Battle of Khaybar]] and others returned after the Conquest of [[Khaybar]]. | The migrants gradually returned from [[Abyssinia]]. Those who had returned after the first migration stayed in [[Mecca]] and then migrated with other Muslims to [[Medina]]. Some of them returned to Medina prior to the [[Battle of Khaybar]] and others returned after the Conquest of [[Khaybar]]. | ||
[[ | The [[Prophet (s)]] sent [['Amr b. Umayya al-Damri]] to the king of Abyssinia in order to facilitate their return. The last migrants returned from Abyssinia in [[7]]/628-29 simultaneous with the Conquest of Khaybar. [[Asma' bt. 'Umays]], [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far]] and his brothers Muhammad and 'Awn were among the last migrants. When [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]] went to the Prophet (s), he kissed the point between his two eyes and said: "I do not know which to express my happiness for: the Conquest of Khaybar or the return of Ja'far." | ||
==Migrants Who Passed Away== | ==Migrants Who Passed Away== | ||
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{{col-begin|3}} | {{col-begin|3}} | ||
* 'Ubayd Allah b. Jahsh from Banu 'Abd Shams who converted to [[Christianity]] and stayed there until he died | * 'Ubayd Allah b. Jahsh from Banu 'Abd Shams who converted to [[Christianity]] and stayed there until he died | ||
* 'Umar b. Umayya b. Harith from [[Banu Asad]] | * 'Umar b. Umayya b. Harith from [[Banu Asad]] | ||
* Hatib b. Harith and his brother Huttab b. Harith both from Banu Jumah | * Hatib b. Harith and his brother Huttab b. Harith both from Banu Jumah | ||
* 'Abd Allah b. Harith b. Qays from Banu Sahm | * 'Abd Allah b. Harith b. Qays from Banu Sahm | ||
* 'Urwa b. 'Abd al-'Uzza | * 'Urwa b. 'Abd al-'Uzza | ||
* 'Udayy b. Nadla from Banu 'Udayy | |||
* 'Udayy b. Nadla from Banu ' | |||
* Musa b. Harith b. Khalid from [[Banu Tamim]]. | * Musa b. Harith b. Khalid from [[Banu Tamim]]. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
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* Musa b. Harith b. Khalid | * Musa b. Harith b. Khalid | ||
* ' | * 'Aisha bt. Harith b. Khalid | ||
* Fatima bt. Harith b. Khalid | * Fatima bt. Harith b. Khalid | ||
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* Zaynab bt. Harith b. Khalid | * Zaynab bt. Harith b. Khalid | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [[:fa:هجرت به حبشه|هجرت به حبشه]] in Farsi WikiShia. | * The material for this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[[:fa:هجرت به حبشه|هجرت به حبشه]]}} in Farsi WikiShia. | ||
[[fa:هجرت به حبشه]] | [[fa:هجرت به حبشه]] | ||