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===Synonym Terms===
===Synonym Terms===
Nadb (and Mandub), Nafl (and Nafila), Sunna and Tatawwu’ convey a similar meaning to that of Istihbab.
Nadb (and Mandub), Nafl (and Nafila), Sunna and Tatawwu' convey a similar meaning to that of Istihbab.


==Jurisprudential Discussions==
==Jurisprudential Discussions==
In almost all of Shi’a jurisprudential topics, Istihbab is used as one of al-Ahkam al-Khamsa (the Five Values). In Principle of Jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh) it is discussed in chapters of al-Awamirs (commands), al-Did (opposite) and Muqaddamat al-Wajib (prerequisite of compulsory act).
In almost all of Shi'a jurisprudential topics, Istihbab is used as one of al-Ahkam al-Khamsa (the Five Values). In Principle of Jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh) it is discussed in chapters of al-Awamirs (commands), al-Did (opposite) and Muqaddamat al-Wajib (prerequisite of compulsory act).


==Types==
==Types==
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Mustahab al-Ghayri: is a Mustahab that is not Mustahab due to itself, rather because of another act, such as Ghusl for Ziyara.
Mustahab al-Ghayri: is a Mustahab that is not Mustahab due to itself, rather because of another act, such as Ghusl for Ziyara.
Mustahab al-‘Ayni (individual): is a Mustahab that is recommended for each individual Muslim.  
Mustahab al-‘Ayni (individual): is a Mustahab that is recommended for each individual Muslim.  
Mustahab Al-Kifa’I (collective): is a Mustahab that if one Muslim do that it is no longer recommended for others, such as Adhan announcing Salat time.
Mustahab Al-Kifa'I (collective): is a Mustahab that if one Muslim do that it is no longer recommended for others, such as Adhan announcing Salat time.
Mustahab al-Mu’akkad (emphasized): A Mustahab that has been emphasized, such as Ghusl al-Jum’a.
Mustahab al-Mu'akkad (emphasized): A Mustahab that has been emphasized, such as Ghusl al-Jum'a.


==Related Rulings==
==Related Rulings==
- Some scholars believe that not doing and leaving Mustahab is Makruh (disliked), although many do not believe so.
- Some scholars believe that not doing and leaving Mustahab is Makruh (disliked), although many do not believe so.
- According to some scholars preparatory acts for performing a Mustahab is also Mustahab, for example providing and preparing water for Ghusl al-Jum’a.
- According to some scholars preparatory acts for performing a Mustahab is also Mustahab, for example providing and preparing water for Ghusl al-Jum'a.
- To leave a Mustahab act after starting it is Makruh, especially Salat and Mustahab Sawum after the noon.
- To leave a Mustahab act after starting it is Makruh, especially Salat and Mustahab Sawum after the noon.
- In some cases, such as Mustahab Hajj and ‘Umara and I’tikaf after the second day, not completing the Mustahab is Haram (prohibited).  
- In some cases, such as Mustahab Hajj and ‘Umara and I'tikaf after the second day, not completing the Mustahab is Haram (prohibited).  


==Well-known Mustahabs==
==Well-known Mustahabs==
===Mustahab Prayers===
===Mustahab Prayers===
One can hardly find a holy occasion in Islam with no Mustahab Salat. Many of these Mustahab Salats have been mentioned in Mafatih al-Jinan. Some of the most important Mustahab Salats are: al-Nawfil al-Yawmiyya (daily Mustahab prayers), Salat al-Layl (night prayer), Salat Ja’far al-Tayyar, Salat al-Istisqa’ (asking for rain prayer), the prayer of the first day of lunar months.
One can hardly find a holy occasion in Islam with no Mustahab Salat. Many of these Mustahab Salats have been mentioned in Mafatih al-Jinan. Some of the most important Mustahab Salats are: al-Nawfil al-Yawmiyya (daily Mustahab prayers), Salat al-Layl (night prayer), Salat Ja'far al-Tayyar, Salat al-Istisqa' (asking for rain prayer), the prayer of the first day of lunar months.


===Mustahab Fasts===
===Mustahab Fasts===
Fasting all the days in a year, except for days in which Sawm is Haram (like Eid al-Fitr) or Makruh (like ‘Ashura’), is Mustahab. However, fasting is some days have been emphasized in Hadiths. Some of these days are:
Fasting all the days in a year, except for days in which Sawm is Haram (like Eid al-Fitr) or Makruh (like ‘Ashura'), is Mustahab. However, fasting is some days have been emphasized in Hadiths. Some of these days are:
- The first and the last Thursday of lunar months.  
- The first and the last Thursday of lunar months.  
- The first Wednesday after the 10th of lunar months.  
- The first Wednesday after the 10th of lunar months.  
- 13th, 14th and 15th of lunar months.
- 13th, 14th and 15th of lunar months.
- All days in Rajab and Sha’ban.
- All days in Rajab and Sha'ban.
- 27th of Rajab (Mab’ath of prophet Muhammad (s))
- 27th of Rajab (Mab'ath of prophet Muhammad (s))
- 4th to 9th of Shawwal.
- 4th to 9th of Shawwal.
- 25th of Dhu al-Qa’da (the day of Dahw al-Ard)
- 25th of Dhu al-Qa'da (the day of Dahw al-Ard)
- 29th of Dhu al-Qa’da
- 29th of Dhu al-Qa'da
- 1st to 9th of Dhu al-Hijja (the day of ‘Arafa)
- 1st to 9th of Dhu al-Hijja (the day of ‘Arafa)
- 18th of Dhu al-Hijja (the day of Eid al-Ghadir)
- 18th of Dhu al-Hijja (the day of Eid al-Ghadir)
- 24th of Dhu al-Hijja (the day of Mubahala)
- 24th of Dhu al-Hijja (the day of Mubahala)
- 1st, 3rd and 7th of Muharram.
- 1st, 3rd and 7th of Muharram.
- 17th of Rabi’ al-Awwal (birthday of prophet Muhammad (s))
- 17th of Rabi' al-Awwal (birthday of prophet Muhammad (s))
- 15th of Jumada al-Ula
- 15th of Jumada al-Ula


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- The supplication of Kumayl
- The supplication of Kumayl
- The supplication of Nur
- The supplication of Nur
- Ziyarat al-Jami’at al-Kabira
- Ziyarat al-Jami'at al-Kabira
- Ziyarat al-’Ashura’
- Ziyarat al-'Ashura'
- Ziyarat al-Warith
- Ziyarat al-Warith


===Other Mustahabs===
===Other Mustahabs===
Some other acts that have been mentioned in Hadiths as Mustahab are:
Some other acts that have been mentioned in Hadiths as Mustahab are:
- Reciting the Qur’an
- Reciting the Qur'an
- Having Wudu constantly
- Having Wudu constantly
- Saying Subhan Allah (glory be to God)
- Saying Subhan Allah (glory be to God)
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- Saying La Hawl Wa La Quwwat Illa Bi Allah (there is no might nor power except in God)
- Saying La Hawl Wa La Quwwat Illa Bi Allah (there is no might nor power except in God)
- Giving Sadaqa (charity)
- Giving Sadaqa (charity)
- Ta’qibat al-Salat (after-prayer rituals)
- Ta'qibat al-Salat (after-prayer rituals)


[[fa: مستحب]]
[[fa: مستحب]]

Revision as of 17:31, 16 April 2016

Mustaḥab (Arabic:المستحب) (recommended) is a jurisprudential term referring to actions and practices that according to Islamic laws doing them is better than leaving them, yet they are not compulsory. Salat al-Layl (Night Prayer), al-Nawafil al-Yawmiyya (Daily Mustahab Prayers), Mustahab fastings, supplications, and many other practices are counted among Mustahab acts.

Terminology

Lexicologically, Istihbab (recommendation) is an Arabic word derived from Hubb (to like) and means to like or to prefer something. The term is used in its lexical meaning in the Qur'an and hadiths. In jurisprudential terminology, Mustahab refers to an action that according to Islamic laws, doing it is recommended, yet leaving it is permissible.

Synonym Terms

Nadb (and Mandub), Nafl (and Nafila), Sunna and Tatawwu' convey a similar meaning to that of Istihbab.

Jurisprudential Discussions

In almost all of Shi'a jurisprudential topics, Istihbab is used as one of al-Ahkam al-Khamsa (the Five Values). In Principle of Jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh) it is discussed in chapters of al-Awamirs (commands), al-Did (opposite) and Muqaddamat al-Wajib (prerequisite of compulsory act).

Types

There are different types of Mustahab. Some of the most important ones are: Mustahab al-Nafsi: is a Mustahab due to itself, such as Mustahab prayers and fasts. Mustahab al-Ghayri: is a Mustahab that is not Mustahab due to itself, rather because of another act, such as Ghusl for Ziyara. Mustahab al-‘Ayni (individual): is a Mustahab that is recommended for each individual Muslim. Mustahab Al-Kifa'I (collective): is a Mustahab that if one Muslim do that it is no longer recommended for others, such as Adhan announcing Salat time. Mustahab al-Mu'akkad (emphasized): A Mustahab that has been emphasized, such as Ghusl al-Jum'a.

Related Rulings

- Some scholars believe that not doing and leaving Mustahab is Makruh (disliked), although many do not believe so. - According to some scholars preparatory acts for performing a Mustahab is also Mustahab, for example providing and preparing water for Ghusl al-Jum'a. - To leave a Mustahab act after starting it is Makruh, especially Salat and Mustahab Sawum after the noon. - In some cases, such as Mustahab Hajj and ‘Umara and I'tikaf after the second day, not completing the Mustahab is Haram (prohibited).

Well-known Mustahabs

Mustahab Prayers

One can hardly find a holy occasion in Islam with no Mustahab Salat. Many of these Mustahab Salats have been mentioned in Mafatih al-Jinan. Some of the most important Mustahab Salats are: al-Nawfil al-Yawmiyya (daily Mustahab prayers), Salat al-Layl (night prayer), Salat Ja'far al-Tayyar, Salat al-Istisqa' (asking for rain prayer), the prayer of the first day of lunar months.

Mustahab Fasts

Fasting all the days in a year, except for days in which Sawm is Haram (like Eid al-Fitr) or Makruh (like ‘Ashura'), is Mustahab. However, fasting is some days have been emphasized in Hadiths. Some of these days are: - The first and the last Thursday of lunar months. - The first Wednesday after the 10th of lunar months. - 13th, 14th and 15th of lunar months. - All days in Rajab and Sha'ban. - 27th of Rajab (Mab'ath of prophet Muhammad (s)) - 4th to 9th of Shawwal. - 25th of Dhu al-Qa'da (the day of Dahw al-Ard) - 29th of Dhu al-Qa'da - 1st to 9th of Dhu al-Hijja (the day of ‘Arafa) - 18th of Dhu al-Hijja (the day of Eid al-Ghadir) - 24th of Dhu al-Hijja (the day of Mubahala) - 1st, 3rd and 7th of Muharram. - 17th of Rabi' al-Awwal (birthday of prophet Muhammad (s)) - 15th of Jumada al-Ula

Supplications

Although praying to God is not limited to specific words, it is recommended to pray to Him by supplications that have been narrated from the Infallible (a). Some of these supplications are: - The supplication of Umm Dawud - The supplication of Tawassul - The supplication of Jawshan al-Saghir - The supplication of Jawshan al-Kabir - The supplication of ‘Ahd - The supplication of Mujir - The supplication of Mashlul - The supplication of Makarim al-Akhlaq - The supplication of Kumayl - The supplication of Nur - Ziyarat al-Jami'at al-Kabira - Ziyarat al-'Ashura' - Ziyarat al-Warith

Other Mustahabs

Some other acts that have been mentioned in Hadiths as Mustahab are: - Reciting the Qur'an - Having Wudu constantly - Saying Subhan Allah (glory be to God) - Saying al-Hamd Li Allah (praise be to God) - Saying La Ilaha Illa Allah (there is no god but God) - Saying La Hawl Wa La Quwwat Illa Bi Allah (there is no might nor power except in God) - Giving Sadaqa (charity) - Ta'qibat al-Salat (after-prayer rituals)