Al-Hawza al-'Ilmiyya: Difference between revisions

* [[Seminary of Qom]]: Seminary of [[Qom]] is among the most important Shi'a seminaries which was established in the middle of the second/eighth century and immigration of [[al-Ash'ari family]] was influential in its establishment. Seminary of Qom flourished in the third and fourth centuries, but after seminaries of [[seminary of Rey|Rey]] and [[seminary of Baghdad|Baghdad]] were flourished in the fifth/eleventh century and the Seminary of Qom was less interested. After the [[attack of Mongols]] in 621, it declined; however, when Shaykh [['Abd al-Karim Ha'iri]] entered Qom in 1921, the seminary was re-established and when [[Ayatullah Burujirdi]] entered the city, the seminary became as important as the largest seminary of that time which was the [[Seminary of Najaf]]. After the [[Islamic Revolution|revolution in Iran]], it was more developed. Today, many students from different parts of the world go to Qom for seminary education.

*[[Seminary of Baghdad]]: Establishment of the Seminary of [[Baghdad]] dates back to the time of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]]. Seminary of Baghdad became the the scholarly authority of Shi'a at the time of [[Buyid dynasty|Buyid]] when scholars such as [[Ibn al-Junayd al-Iskafi|Ibn al-Junayd]], [[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], [[Al-Sharif al-Murtada]], and [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] emerged.  However, when Seljuk Tughril entered Baghdad in [[447]]/1055-6, the seminary declined and the scholarly authority of Shi'a shifted to Najaf.

*[[Seminary of Najaf]]: With the presence of al-Shakh al-Tusi, [[Najaf]] became the scholarly and intellectual center of Shi'a. But in the sixth/twelfth century, when [[Ibn Idris al-Hilli]] emerged in [[Hilla]], Seminary of Najaf declined and the scholarly center of Shi'a shifted to Hilla. The presence of [[al-Muhaqqiq al-Ardabili]] in seminary of Najaf, helped it flourish again. Since the middle of 11th/17th century, like other seminaries, Seminary of Najaf suffered from [[Akhbari movement]]. Since 13th/19th century , when [[al-'Allama Bahr al-'Ulum]] and students of [[al-Wahid al-Bihbahani]] began teaching in Najaf, the Seminary of Najaf regained its glory and position and again became the scholarly center of Shi'a.

*[[Seminary of Hilla]]: Seminary of [[Hilla]] was established in 5th/11th century by [[Banu Mazid]] Shi'a government. Since the middle of 6th/12th century and all 7th/13th and 8th/14th centuries, it was the most authoritative Shi'a seminary. However, mostly because of recurrent wars happened to seize Hilla during feudal period after Ilkhanate, the Seminary of Hilla declined and Seminary of Najaf took its position. Ibn Idris al-Hilli, al-'Allama al-Hilli and [[al-Sayyid b. Tawus]] were among top scholars of the Seminary of Hilla.

*[[Seminary of Jabal Amel]]: Seminary of [[Jabal Amel]] included some scholarly and educational Shi'a centers in some cities and villages of Lebanon since the middle of 8th/14th century until middle of 10th/16th century. [[Al-Shahid al-Awwal]], [[al-Shahid al-Thani]], [[Al-Hurr al-'Amili]], and [[al-Muhaqqiq al-Karaki]] were most famous scholars of the seminary of Jabal Amel. Graduates of that seminary and works published there were most influential in establishment of the Seminary of Isfahan, other seminaries and even the Seminary of Najaf recently.

*[[Seminary of Isfahan]]: Seminary of [[Isfahan]] was established after Shi'a became the official religion in [[Iran]] during [[Safavid]] era, when Isfahan became the capital. Great scholars including Mirza [['Abd Allah Asfandi]], [[Baha' al-Din al-'Amili]], [[Muhammad Baqir Sabziwari]], [[Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi]], [[Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi]], [[Aqa Jamal Khwansari]], and [[Sayyid Abu l-Hasan Isfahani|Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani]] were educated in that seminary.

*[[Seminary of Tehran]]: It was established at the time of [[Aqa Muhammad Khan Qajar]]. Seminary of [[Tehran]] was the link between major seminaries of that era such as the Seminaries of Najaf, Karbala, Isfahan, and minor seminaries of other cities in Iran. [[Muhammad Hasan Ashtiyani]], [[Mulla 'Ali Kani|Mulla Ali Kani]], Shaykh [[Fadl Allah Nuri]], [[Muhammad Taqi Amuli]], [[Sayyid Ahmad Khwansari]], [[Muhammad Mahdi Ilahi Qumshi'i]], and [[Abu al-Hasan Sha'rani]] were most famous scholars of that seminary. Seminary of Tehran was active in political issues such as [[Tobacco Protest]], [[Constitutional movement|uprising for Constitution]], fighting with anti-religious actions of [[Reza Pahlavi]], Nationalization of Oil, Uprising of 15 of Khordad (June 5th, 1963) and the [[Islamic revolution]] in Iran.

*[[Seminary of Mashhad]]