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Umm Ayman: Difference between revisions
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==Lineage== | ==Lineage== | ||
Baraka bt. Tha'laba b. 'Amr, known as Umm Ayman, was the [[Abyssinian]] female servant of [['Abd Allah b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] (the father of the Prophet (s)) | Baraka bt. Tha'laba b. 'Amr, known as Umm Ayman, was the [[Abyssinian]]<ref>Zahrī, ''al-Maghāzī al-nabawīyya'', p. 177; Ṭabarānī, ''al-Muʿjam al-kabīr'', vol. 25, p. 86.</ref> female servant of [['Abd Allah b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] (the father of the Prophet (s)).<ref>Ṭabarānī, ''al-Muʿjam al-kabīr'', vol. 25, p. 86.</ref> After the demise of Abd Allah, the [[Prophet (s)]] inherited her from his father.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 223; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 96.</ref> | ||
==Taking Care of Muhammad (s) in His Childhood== | ==Taking Care of Muhammad (s) in His Childhood== | ||
After that Amina passed away in [[Abwa']], Umm Ayman looked after [[Muhammad (s)]] until he arrived in [[Mecca]]. She also took care of him for years until he grew up. [['Abd al-Muttalib]] told Umm Ayman to take care of his grandson (Muhammad), because the [[Followers of the Books]] (Jews and Christians) think that my grandson will be the [[prophethood|prophet]] of this nation. | After that Amina passed away in [[Abwa']], Umm Ayman looked after [[Muhammad (s)]] until he arrived in [[Mecca]].<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 150.</ref> She also took care of him for years until he grew up.<ref>Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''al-Iṣāba'', vol. 8, p. 360.</ref> [['Abd al-Muttalib]] told Umm Ayman to take care of his grandson (Muhammad), because the [[Followers of the Books]] (Jews and Christians) think that my grandson will be the [[prophethood|prophet]] of this nation. | ||
==Marriage and Children== | ==Marriage and Children== | ||
When the [[Prophet (s)]] wanted to marry [[Khadija]], he liberated Umm Ayman and she married [['Ubayd b. Zayd al-Khazraji]] and she gave birth to Ayman. That is why she is called "Umm Ayman" (the mother of Ayman). After a while, | When the [[Prophet (s)]] wanted to marry [[Khadija]],<ref>Ṭabarānī, ''al-Muʿjam al-kabīr'', vol. 25, p. 86; Ḥalabī, ''al-Sīra al-Ḥalabīyya'', vol. 1, p. 77.</ref> he (s) liberated Umm Ayman<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 223; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 96.</ref> and she married [['Ubayd b. Zayd al-Khazraji]] and she gave birth to Ayman. That is why she is called "Umm Ayman" (the mother of Ayman). After a while, Ubayd passed away; she married [[Zayd b. al-Haritha]],<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 4, p. 61; vol. 8, p. 223; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 471.</ref> after this marriage, she gave birth to [[Usama b. Zayd]].<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 4, p. 61; vol. 8, p. 223; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 471.</ref> | ||
==Immigration== | ==Immigration== | ||
Umm Ayman was among the first people who converted to [[Islam]] and later emigrated to [[Medina]]. It is said that she was also among the Muslims who emigrated to [[Abyssinia]]. | Umm Ayman was among the first people who converted to [[Islam]] and later emigrated to [[Medina]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 269; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1793.</ref> It is said that she was also among the Muslims who emigrated to [[Abyssinia]].<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1793.</ref> | ||
==Participating in Battles== | ==Participating in Battles== | ||
She was present in the [[Battle of Uhud]] and gave water to worriers and treated their injuries. She also accompanied the Prophet (s) at the [[Battle of Khaybar]]. | She was present in the [[Battle of Uhud]] and gave water to worriers<ref>Wāqidī, ''al-Maghāzī'', vol. 1, p. 241-250; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 223.</ref> and treated their injuries.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 225.</ref> She also accompanied the Prophet (s) at the [[Battle of Khaybar]].<ref>Wāqidī, ''al-Maghāzī'', vol. 2, p. 684-685.</ref> | ||
==Relationship with Ahl al-Bayt (a)== | ==Relationship with Ahl al-Bayt (a)== | ||
The [[Prophet (s)]] liked her very much. It is said that he sometimes called her "mother". There are some narrations about her elite status in the Prophet's (s) eyes. The Prophet (s) went to her house to visit her. Also, [[Abu Bakr]] and [['Umar]] -following the Prophet (s)- did this. In some [[hadith source]]s, there is a chapter about Umm Ayman's virtues. | The [[Prophet (s)]] liked her very much. It is said that he sometimes called her "mother".<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 223.</ref> There are some narrations about her elite status in the Prophet's (s) eyes. The Prophet (s) went to her house to visit her. Also, [[Abu Bakr]] and [['Umar]] -following the Prophet (s)- did this.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1793; Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj, ''Ṣaḥīh Muslim'', vol. 4, p. 1907.</ref> In some [[hadith source]]s, there is a chapter about Umm Ayman's virtues.<ref>Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj, ''Ṣaḥīh Muslim'', vol. 4, p. 1907-1908.</ref> | ||
In some Shi'a sources, she was mentioned with honor and respect. The Prophet (s) introduced her as one of the heavenly women. After the demise of the Prophet and confiscation of [[Fadak]] by [[Abu Bakr]], she was the only person who bore witness with [[Imam | In some Shi'a sources, she was mentioned with honor and respect. The Prophet (s) introduced her as one of the heavenly women. After the demise of the Prophet and confiscation of [[Fadak]] by [[Abu Bakr]], she was the only person who bore witness with [[Imam Ali (a)]] that the [[Prophet (s)]] has given Fadak to [[Fatima (a)]].<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''al-Iḥtijāj'', vol. 1, p. 121-122.</ref> | ||
She has narrated some [[hadith]]s and narrators such as, [[Anas b. Malik]], [[Abu Yazid al-Madani]] and [[Hanash b. 'Abd Allah al-San'ani]] have narrated hadiths from her. | She has narrated some [[hadith]]s and narrators such as,<ref>Ṭabarānī, ''al-Muʿjam al-kabīr'', vol. 25, p. 87-91; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, ''Musnad'', vol. 45, p. 357.</ref> [[Anas b. Malik]], [[Abu Yazid al-Madani]] and [[Hanash b. 'Abd Allah al-San'ani]] have narrated hadiths from her.<ref>Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb'', vol. 12, p. 459.</ref> | ||
==Demise== | ==Demise== | ||
The exact date of Umm Ayman's demise is unknown. Some said that she passed away about 5 months after the demise of the Prophet (s). But according to [[Ibn | The exact date of Umm Ayman's demise is unknown. Some said that she passed away about 5 months after the demise of the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 6, p. 304.</ref> But according to [[Ibn Athir]]'s report, she was alive during the [[caliphate]] of [[Umar]] and [[Abu Bakr]].<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 6, p. 304.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{Notes}} | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
* | *Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal. ''Musnad''. Edited by Shuʿayb al-Arnāʾūṭ. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Risāla, 1421 AH. | ||
*Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Edited by Muḥammad Ḥamīd Allāh. Cairo: [n.p], 1959. | |||
*Ḥalabī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Al-Sīra al-Ḥalabīyya''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1427 AH. | |||
*Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Istīʿāb''. Edited by ʿAlī Mūhammad al-Bajāwī. Cairo: [n.p], 1380 AH. | |||
*Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Usd al-ghāba fī maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH. | |||
*Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba''. Edited by ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd & ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Muʿawwaḍ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1415 AH. | |||
*Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb''. Hyderabad: [n.p], 1327 AH. | |||
*Ibn Qutayba, ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Maʿārif''. Edited by Tharwat ʿAkāsha. Cairo: [n.p], 1388 AH. | |||
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1405 AH. | |||
*Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj. ''Ṣaḥīh Muslim''. Edited by Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Beirut: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1412 AH. | |||
*Ṭabarānī, Sulaymān b. Aḥmad al-. ''Al-Muʿjam al-kabīr''. Edited by Ḥamdī ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Salafī. Cairo: [n.p], 1404 AH. | |||
*Ṭabrisī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Iḥtijāj''. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Kharsān. Najaf: Dār al-Nuʿmān, 1386 AH. | |||
*Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī''. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1409 AH. | |||
*Zahrī, ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Al-Maghāzī al-nabawīyya''. Edited by Suhayl al-Zakkār. Damascus: [n.p], 1401 AH. | |||
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{{Effective Women from Shia's View}} | {{Effective Women from Shia's View}} | ||
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