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Draft:Verse 45 of Sura al-Ahzab

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Verse 45 of Sura al-Ahzab
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AboutAttributes of the Prophet (s)


Verse 45 of Sura al-Aḥzāb (Arabic: آیه ۴۵ سوره احزاب) contains three important characteristics and missions for Prophet Muhammad (s).[1] In this verse, God addresses the Prophet (s), stating that He has sent him as a witness over the deeds of the Umma, a bearer of good tidings, and a warner.[2]

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A similar verse is mentioned in two other places in the Qur'an, namely in Verse 8 of Sura al-Fath and Verse 56 of Sura al-Furqan,[3] with the difference that in Verse 56 of Sura al-Furqan[4] and Verse 105 of Sura al-Isra, the word "shāhidan" (witness) does not appear.[5]

The word "shāhid" has various meanings,[6] and in this verse, it means "witness".[7] Citing this verse, exegetes have considered the Prophet of Islam (s) as a witness and observer of the actions and behavior of his Umma.[8] To support this meaning, they have referred to other verses such as Verse 143 of Sura al-Baqara,[9] and also Verse 105 of Sura al-Tawba[10] in which the Prophet (s) is explicitly introduced as a witness.[11]

In many verses of the Qur'an, the Prophet (s) is described with the two attributes of "mubashshir" or "bashīr", meaning bearer of good tidings, and "nadhīr" or "mundhir", meaning warner, or these attributes are introduced as part of their mission.[12]

Explaining the accompaniment of the two descriptions of good tidings and warning, Morteza Motahhari says: The Prophet is both a bearer of good tidings or a guide, and a warner or one who reveals the pitfalls. If he wants to be only a guide and does not show the pit, someone might see the path, but because they do not see the pit and are unaware of it, they imagine they are walking on the path, but they fall into the pit.[13] Motahhari also believes that good tidings have an encouraging aspect, while warning is an alert and declaration of danger, and it is necessary for a religious missionary to pay attention to both aspects in the matter of propagation.[14]

Notes

  1. ↑ Qur'an 33:45; Rāzī, al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, vol. 28, p. 72; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 16, pp. 329–330.
  2. ↑ Rāzī, al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, vol. 28, p. 72; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 16, pp. 329–330.
  3. ↑ Qur'an 48:8; Qur'an 25:56.
  4. ↑ Qur'an 25:56.
  5. ↑ Qur'an 17:105.
  6. ↑ Ṭarīḥī, Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn, vol. 3, p. 77; Makārim Shīrāzī, Lughāt dar tafsīr-i nimūna, p. 310.
  7. ↑ Mushkīnī, Tafsīr-i rawān, vol. 7, p. 450.
  8. ↑ Rāzī, al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, vol. 28, p. 72; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 16, p. 329.
  9. ↑ Rāzī, al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, vol. 28, p. 72.
  10. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 17, p. 362.
  11. ↑ Rāzī, al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, vol. 28, p. 72; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 16, p. 330; Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 17, p. 362.
  12. ↑ Qur'an 48:8; Qur'an 5:19; Qur'an 17:105; Qur'an 25:56.
  13. ↑ Muṭahharī, Āshnāyī bā Qurʾān, vol. 10, p. 164.
  14. ↑ Muṭahharī, Sīra-yi Nabawī, pp. 180–181.

References

  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Lughāt dar tafsīr-i nimūna. Qom, Imām ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (a), 1st ed, 1387 Sh.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1374 Sh.
  • Mushkīnī, ʿAlī. Tafsīr-i rawān. Qom, Muʾassisa-yi ʿIlmī wa Farhangī-yi Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1392 Sh.
  • Muṭahharī, Murtaḍā. Āshnāyī bā Qurʾān. Qom, Intishārāt-i Ṣadrā, 1402 Sh.
  • Muṭahharī, Murtaḍā. Sīra-yi Nabawī. Qom, Intishārāt-i Ṣadrā, 1402 Sh.
  • Rāzī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar... al-Fakhr al-. al-Tafsīr al-kabīr. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1420 AH.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut, Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1393 AH.
  • Ṭarīḥī, Fakhr al-Dīn b. Muḥammad... al-. Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn. Beirut, Dār wa Maktabat al-Hilāl, 1985.
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