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Draft:Verse 74 of Sura al-Nisa'

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Verse 74 of Sura al-Nisa' invites Muslims to Jihad in the way of Allah[1] and introduces the mujahideen as those who trade the worldly life for the Hereafter.[2] According to the commentary of Majma' al-bayan, the phrase "let those fight in the way of Allah" (*fal-yuqātil fī sabīl Allāh*) uses an imperative verb; therefore, the verse signifies that it is mandatory to struggle for the sake of God's religion.[3] Some jurists have cited this verse to prove the obligation of Jihad.[4] Another group of jurists has relied on this verse to categorize Jihad among the essentials of religion (daruriyyat al-din).[5]

﴿فَلْيُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يَشْرُونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا بِالْآخِرَةِ وَمَنْ يُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَيُقْتَلْ أَوْ يَغْلِبْ فَسَوْفَ نُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا ۝74﴾

 [نساء:74]

Exegetes consider Verse 74 of Sura al-Nisa' to be a continuation of Verse 73; the previous verse discusses the refusal of the hypocrites to participate in Jihad.[6] In the words of Allamah Tabataba'i, the preceding verses call Muslims to Jihad and rebuke those who hesitate or procrastinate in going to the battlefield.[7]

Allamah Tabataba'i believes that God mentioned martyrdom before victory because the reward of being killed in the way of God is greater and more lasting.[8] However, Muhsin Qara'ati in his commentary considers the reward of the martyr and the victorious fighter to be equal.[9]

In the final part of the verse, God promises that the mujahideen, whether they are victorious on the battlefield or attain martyrdom, will receive a great reward.[10]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1352 Sh, vol. 4, p. 418.
  2. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1408 AH, vol. 3, p. 115.
  3. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1408 AH, vol. 3, p. 115.
  4. ↑ Fāḍil al-Miqdād, Kanz al-ʿirfān, vol. 1, p. 346.
  5. ↑ Najafī Jawāhirī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1362 Sh, vol. 21, p. 8; Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ, Kashf al-ghiṭāʾ, vol. 4, p. 294.
  6. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 4, p. 7.
  7. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1352 Sh, vol. 4, p. 418.
  8. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1352 Sh, vol. 4, p. 419.
  9. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1388 Sh, vol. 2, p. 106.
  10. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Jawāmiʿ al-jāmiʿ, 1412 AH, vol. 1, p. 270.

References

  • Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ, Jaʿfar. Kashf al-ghiṭāʾ ʿan mubhamāt al-sharīʿat al-gharrāʾ. Tehran: Maktab al-Iʿlām al-Islāmī, n.d.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1374 Sh.
  • Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan. Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. Edited by Abbas Quchani and Ali Akhundi. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1362 Sh.
  • Fāḍil al-Miqdād, Abū ʿAbd Allāh. Kanz al-ʿirfān fī fiqh al-Qurʾān. Najaf: al-Maktabat al-Ḥaydariyya, n.d.
  • Qarāʾatī, Muḥsin. Tafsīr-i nūr. Tehran: Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Dars-hā-yī az Qurʾān, 1388 Sh.
  • Sepah Pasdaran. Representative of Wali Faqih. Islamic Research Center & Taquizadeh Akbari, Ali. Jihad dar ayine-yi Quran. Qom: Zamzam-i Hidayat, 1386 Sh.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1352 Sh.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan. al-Jawāmiʿ al-jāmiʿ. Qom: Hawza Ilmiyya Qom, 1412 AH.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1408 AH.

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