Sazman-i Nasr (Afghanistan)
Sazman-i Nasr (Dari: سازمان نصر, lit. Organization of Victory) was one of the first Shi'a parties in Afghanistan, which began its political activities in the 1970s and entered the armed struggle against the communist government in Kabul and Soviet forces in 1979. Its leadership was council-based and consisted of scholars following the thoughts of Imam Khomeini. This organization was active in the central regions of Afghanistan, published periodicals such as "Payam-i Mustad'afin" (Message of the Oppressed), and pursued the path of the Islamic Republic in formulating its manifesto and changing its ideological slogans. Sazman-i Nasr played a decisive role in the establishment of the "Hizb-i Wahdat" (Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan) and eventually merged into this party.
Sazman-i Nasr; Among Shi'a Parties of Afghanistan
Sazman-i Nasr-i Afghanistan was one of the oldest Shi'a political organizations in Afghanistan[1] which also had an active presence in the military arena.[2] This organization began its political and propagation activities in 1978 and entered armed struggles against the communist government in Kabul and Soviet forces in 1979.[3]
The leadership of Sazman-i Nasr was council-based, and its members mainly consisted of scholars from the Qom and Najaf seminaries.[4] These members were followers of Imam Khomeini's thoughts and supported the Islamic Republic system with structures such as parliament, presidency, and popular participation.[5] Figures of this organization included individuals such as Abdul Ali Mazari, Muhammad Karim Khalili, Qurban Ali Irfani, Muhammad Natiqi, Abd al-Majid Sajjadi, Azizullah Shafaq, Mir Husayn Sadiqi, Muhammad Yusuf Wa'izi Shahristani, and Sayyid Husayn Husayni.[6]
The official organ of this organization was called "Payam-i Mustad'afin" (Message of the Oppressed), and periodicals such as "Payam-i Khun" (Message of Blood) and "Payam-i Sangarnishanan" (Message of the Entrenched) were also published by it.[7]
Establishment and Evolution of Names
The initial core of Sazman-i Nasr was formed between 1968 and 1969.[8] According to one account, this group began its political activity in 1972 under the title "Ruhaniyyat-i Nuwin" (New Clergy) and then continued its struggles under the name "Gurūh-i Mustaḍʿafīn" (Group of the Oppressed). After passing through a period under the name "Ḥizb-i Ḥusaynī" (Husayni Party), this movement was finally known as "Sazmān-i Nasr-i Afghanistan" (Organization of Victory of Afghanistan) in 1978, and its center was transferred to Iran.[9] In March-April 1979, with the merger of currents such as Ruhaniyyat-i Mubariz (Combatant Clergy), Hizb-i Husayni, Danishjuyan-i 'Ulum-i Islami (Students of Islamic Sciences), and Ruhaniyyat-i Nuwin, this organization officially announced its existence.[10]
Organization Slogan
It is said that at one point in the organization's activities, with the joining of figures with leftist tendencies such as Qasim Akhgar, some eclectic and Marxist ideas also infiltrated it. After passing this period, the manifesto of Sazman-i Nasr was compiled, and its previous slogan, "Forward, towards a monotheistic society of justice" (bi-pīsh, bi-sūy-i jāmiʿa-yi qisṭ-i tawḥīdī), which had an eclectic tone, was replaced by the new slogan "Forward, towards the establishment of the Islamic Republic in Afghanistan" (bi-pīsh, bi-sūy-i istighrā-i jumhūrī-yi islāmī dar Afghānistān).[11]
Merger into Hizb-i Wahdat Islami
In May-June 1988, after years of conflict among Shi'a parties, Sazman-i Nasr and Pasdaran-i Jihad-i Islami (Guardians of Islamic Jihad), as two rival groups, took the first steps to form "Hizb-i Wahdat" (Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan) and eventually merged into this party.[12]
Geographical Area of Influence and Activities
The main center of Sazman-i Nasr's activity was located in the central regions of Afghanistan and Hazarajat. This organization had also established military bases in the north and southwest of the country[13] and established offices in some Iranian cities such as Mashhad, Qom, and Tehran for support.[14]
Among the political roles of this organization, one can mention its function in the dissolution of the "Shura-yi Ittifaq" (Revolutionary Council of Islamic Unity of Afghanistan) and years of confrontation and conflict with "Harakat-i Islami-yi Afghanistan" (Islamic Movement of Afghanistan); currents that were intellectually and politically on two different fronts and in opposition to Nasr.[15]
Book "Marāmnāma-yi Sāzmān-i Naṣr"
The book "Marāmnāma-yi Sāzmān-i Naṣr" (Manifesto of the Organization of Victory) was compiled in 1982 by Sayyid Ahmad Fihri Zanjani and published in collaboration with Balkhi Publications.[16] This work, while describing the history and emblem of the organization, also addresses topics such as the internal politics of Afghanistan, the formation of a temporary government, and the drafting of a constitution.[17]
Notes
- ↑ ʿAlī-Ābādī, Jāmiʿa wa farhang-i Afghānistān, 1395 Sh, p. 473.
- ↑ Muḥaqqiq-i Uruzgānī, Barrasī-yi rīsha-hā-yi tārīkhī-yi Tashayyuʿ dar Afghānistān, 1390 Sh, p. 302.
- ↑ ʿAlī-Ābādī, Afghānistān, 1375 Sh, p. 213.
- ↑ Muḥaqqiq-i Uruzgānī, Barrasī-yi rīsha-hā-yi tārīkhī-yi Tashayyuʿ dar Afghānistān, 1390 Sh, p. 302.
- ↑ Sādāt, "Nigāh-i aḥzāb-i ahl-i tashayyuʿ wa barkhī aḥzāb-i dīgar bi sāktār-i siyāsī dar Afghānistān".
- ↑ Muḥaqqiq-i Uruzgānī, Barrasī-yi rīsha-hā-yi tārīkhī-yi Tashayyuʿ dar Afghānistān, 1390 Sh, p. 473-474.
- ↑ Muḥaqqiq-i Uruzgānī, Barrasī-yi rīsha-hā-yi tārīkhī-yi Tashayyuʿ dar Afghānistān, 1390 Sh, p. 474.
- ↑ ʿAlī-Ābādī, Jāmiʿa wa farhang-i Afghānistān, 1395 Sh, p. 473.
- ↑ Dawlat-Ābādī, Shināsnāma-yi aḥzāb wa jarayānāt-i siyāsī-yi Afghānistān, 1382 Sh, p. 299-300; Bakhtiyārī, Shīʿayān-i Afghānistān, 1385 Sh, p. 205.
- ↑ ʿAlī-Ābādī, Jāmiʿa wa farhang-i Afghānistān, 1395 Sh, p. 473.
- ↑ Tawassulī Darra-Ṣūfī, "Sāzmān-i Naṣr-i Islāmī-yi Afghānistān", p. 33.
- ↑ Bīnish, Anṣārī, & Khulūṣī, Shīʿayān-i Afghānistān, 1390 Sh, p. 170, 171.
- ↑ ʿAlī-Ābādī, Afghānistān, 1375 Sh, p. 213; Bakhtiyārī, Shīʿayān-i Afghānistān, 1385 Sh, p. 205.
- ↑ ʿAlī-Ābādī, Jāmiʿa wa farhang-i Afghānistān, 1395 Sh, p. 473.
- ↑ Muḥaqqiq-i Uruzgānī, Barrasī-yi rīsha-hā-yi tārīkhī-yi Tashayyuʿ dar Afghānistān, 1390 Sh, p. 302.
- ↑ "Marāmnāma-yi Sāzmān-i Naṣr-i Afghānistān", Shabaka-yi Kitāb-i Jāmiʿ-i Gīsūm.
- ↑ Fihrī Zanjānī, Marāmnāma-yi Sāzmān-i Naṣr-i Afghānistān, 1361 Sh, p. 5, 6.
References
- ʿAlī-Ābādī, ʿAlī Riḍā. Afghānistān. Tehran, Intishārāt-i Wizārat-i Umūr-i Khārija, 3rd ed, 1375 Sh.
- ʿAlī-Ābādī, ʿAlī Riḍā. Jāmiʿa wa farhang-i Afghānistān. Tehran, Intishārāt-i Bayn al-Milalī-yi Al-Hudā, 1395 Sh.
- Bakhtiyārī, Muḥammad ʿAzīz. Shīʿayān-i Afghānistān. Qom, Shīʿa-shināsī, 1385 Sh.
- Bīnish, Muḥammad Waḥīd, Ghulām Fārūq Anṣārī, & Muḥammad Ḥusayn Khulūṣī. Shīʿayān-i Afghānistān: Rawābiṭ, jāygāh wa jarayān-hā wa aḥzāb. Tehran, Muʾassasa-yi Muṭālaʿāt-i Andīsha-sāzān-i Nūr, 1390 Sh.
- Dawlat-Ābādī, Baṣīr Aḥmad. Shināsnāma-yi aḥzāb wa jarayānāt-i siyāsī-yi Afghānistān. Qom, ʿIrfān, 1382 Sh.
- Fihrī Zanjānī, Sayyid Aḥmad. Marāmnāma-yi Sāzmān-i Naṣr-i Afghānistān. Tehran, Balkhī, 1361 Sh.
- "Marāmnāma-yi Sāzmān-i Naṣr-i Afghānistān, ḍamīma-yi tashrīḥ-i ārm wa tārīkhcha-yi sāzmān". Shabaka-yi Kitāb-i Jāmiʿ-i Gīsūm. Accessed: 28 Ābān 1404 Sh.
- Muḥaqqiq-i Uruzgānī, Qurbān ʿAlī. Barrasī-yi rīsha-hā-yi tārīkhī-yi Tashayyuʿ dar Afghānistān. Qom, Shīʿa-shināsī, 1390 Sh.
- Sādāt, Ghulām Riḍā. "Nigāh-i aḥzāb-i ahl-i tashayyuʿ wa barkhī aḥzāb-i dīgar bi sāktār-i siyāsī dar Afghānistān". Pāygāh-i Khabarī Taḥlīlī-yi Riwāyat. Published: 1 Esfand 1402 Sh. Accessed: 28 Ābān 1404 Sh.
- Tawassulī Darra-Ṣūfī, Muḥammad Nāyib ʿAlī. "Sāzmān-i Naṣr-i Islāmī-yi Afghānistān". Faṣlnāma-yi ʿIlmī wa Farhangī-yi Ṭarḥ-i Naw. Year 3, no. 12 & 13, Spring & Summer 1386 Sh.