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Umm Kulthum Daughter of Prophet Muhammad (s): Difference between revisions
Umm Kulthum Daughter of Prophet Muhammad (s) (view source)
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== Before Bi'tha == | == Before Bi'tha == | ||
Umm Kulthum has been mentioned as the second or the third daughter of [[the Prophet (s)]] and [[lady Khadija (a)]]. Before [[Bi'tha]], she married to 'Utayba b. Abu Lahab. When the [[Sura al-Masad]] was revealed and cursed [[Abu Lahab]] and his wife, 'Utayba divorced Umm Kulthum following the request of the chiefs of [[Quraysh]] including his father and married the daughter of [[Sa'id b. 'As]]. | Umm Kulthum has been mentioned as the second or the third daughter of [[the Prophet (s)]] and [[lady Khadija (a)]].<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 50; vol. 4, p. 1818; vol. 4, p. 1952.</ref> Before [[Bi'tha]], she married to 'Utayba b. Abu Lahab.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1952.</ref> When the [[Sura al-Masad]] was revealed and cursed [[Abu Lahab]] and his wife, 'Utayba divorced Umm Kulthum following the request of the chiefs of [[Quraysh]] including his father and married the daughter of [[Sa'id b. 'As]].<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 6, p. 384.</ref> | ||
== Marriage with 'Uthman == | == Marriage with 'Uthman == | ||
Umm Kulthum emigrated to [[Medina]] with her father, the Prophet (s). When her elder sister, [[Ruqayya bt. Muhammad|Ruqayya]] passed away, Umm Kulthum married to [['Uthman]]. Their marriage took place in [[Rabi' I]] [[3]]/624 after the [[battle of Badr]]. 'Uthman had no children of her. | Umm Kulthum emigrated to [[Medina]] with her father, the Prophet (s). When her elder sister, [[Ruqayya bt. Muhammad|Ruqayya]] passed away, Umm Kulthum married to [['Uthman]].<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 2, p. 1039; vol. 4, p. 1952.</ref> Their marriage took place in [[Rabi' I]] [[3]]/624 after the [[battle of Badr]]. 'Uthman had no children of her.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 50; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 11, p. 595.</ref> | ||
Some [[Shia]] researchers including [[al-Sayyid Ja'far Murtada al-'Amili]] have considered Umm Kulthum, [[Zaynab bt. Muhammad|Zaynab]] and Ruqayya step daughters of the Prophet (s), not his children. | Some [[Shia]] researchers including [[al-Sayyid Ja'far Murtada al-'Amili]] have considered Umm Kulthum, [[Zaynab bt. Muhammad|Zaynab]] and Ruqayya step daughters of the Prophet (s), not his children.<ref>Āmilī, ''al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-nabīyy'', vol. 2, p. 216.</ref> | ||
== Demise == | == Demise == | ||
Umm Kulthum passed away in [[Sha'ban]] [[9]]/630 and the Prophet (s) prayed upon her body. [[Asma' bt. 'Umays]] and [[Safiyya bt. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] performed her [[ghusl]] and [[Imam Ali (a)]], Fadl, [[Usama b. Zayd]] and Abu Talha al-Ansari put her into the grave and buried her. Umm 'Atiyya al-Ansari was also witness to her ghusl. However according to Ibn Athir, Umm 'Atiyya performed her ghusl. | Umm Kulthum passed away in [[Sha'ban]] [[9]]/630<ref>Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''al-Iṣāba'', vol. 8, p. 460.</ref> and the Prophet (s) prayed upon her body. [[Asma' bt. 'Umays]] and [[Safiyya bt. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] performed her [[ghusl]] and [[Imam Ali (a)]], Fadl, [[Usama b. Zayd]] and Abu Talha al-Ansari put her into the grave and buried her. Umm 'Atiyya al-Ansari was also witness to her ghusl.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1952-1953; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''al-Iṣāba'', vol. 8, p. 460.</ref> However according to Ibn Athir, Umm 'Atiyya performed her ghusl.<ref>Ibn Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 6, p. 384.</ref> | ||
== Grave == | == Grave == | ||
The tomb attributed to the burial place of the daughters of the Prophet (s), Ruqayya, Umm Kulthum and Zaynab in [[Baqi' cemetery]] was among the tombs located north of the graves of Imams (a) and south-west of the graves of the [[wives of the Prophet (s)]], near the grave of [['Uthman b. Maz'un]]. | The tomb attributed to the burial place of the daughters of the Prophet (s), Ruqayya, Umm Kulthum and Zaynab in [[Baqi' cemetery]] was among the tombs located north of the graves of Imams (a) and south-west of the graves of the [[wives of the Prophet (s)]], near the grave of [['Uthman b. Maz'un]]. | ||
Different sources report the burial of Ruqayya and Zaynab in Baqi' cemetery near the grave of 'Uthman b. Maz'un, following the advice of the Prophet (s). However, there is no report about the burial location of Umm Kulthum. Only later writers including Farhad Mirza and Raf'at Pasha have mentioned that Umm Kulthum is buried beside other daughters of the Prophet (s) and have also referred to the tomb built over their graves. In the past, there was a brazen darih over their graves. Wahhabis destroyed this tomb. | Different sources report the burial of Ruqayya<ref>Ibn Shubba, ''Tārīkh al-Medina'', vol. 1, p. 103; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 37.</ref> and Zaynab<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 3, p. 1056; Ibn Ḥanbal, ''Musnad'', vol. 1, p. 237.</ref> in Baqi' cemetery near the grave of 'Uthman b. Maz'un, following the advice of the Prophet (s). However, there is no report about the burial location of Umm Kulthum. Only later writers including Farhad Mirza<ref>Farhād Mīrzā, ''Safarnāma-yi Farhād Mīrzā'', p. 156.</ref> and Raf'at Pasha<ref>Rafʿat Pāshā, ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', p. 478.</ref> have mentioned that Umm Kulthum is buried beside other daughters of the Prophet (s) and have also referred to the tomb built over their graves. In the past, there was a brazen darih over their graves.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Panjāh safarnāma-yi Ḥaj'', vol. 5, p. 241.</ref> Wahhabis destroyed this tomb. | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{Notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* | *Āmilī, Sayyid Jaʿfar Murtaḍā al-. ''Al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-nabīyy al-aʿẓam''. Qom: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1426 AH. | ||
*Farhād Mīrzā Qājār. ''Safarnāma-yi Farhād Mīrzā''. Edited by Ṭabāṭabāyī, Tehran: Muʾassisa-yi Maṭbūʿātī-yi ʿIlmī, 1366 Sh. | |||
*Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb''. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Bajāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Jail, 1412 AH. | |||
*Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Usd al-ghāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH. | |||
*Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba''. Edited by ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd & ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Muʿawwaḍ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1415 AH. | |||
*Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad. ''Musnad Aḥmad''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, [n.d]. | |||
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Qadir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1418 AH. | |||
*Ibn Shubba. ''Tārīkh al-Medina al-munawwara''. Edited by Shaltūt, Qom: Dār al-Fikr, 1410 AH. | |||
*Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl. ''Panjāh safarnāma-yi Ḥaj-i qājārī''. Tehran: Nashr-i ʿIlm, 1389 Sh. | |||
*Rafʿat Pāshā, Ibrāhīm. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn''. Qom: al-Maṭbaʿa al-ʿIlmīyya, 1344 AH. | |||
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. Second edition. Beirut: Dār al-Turāth, 1387 AH. | |||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||