Hisham b. Salim al-Jawaliqi: Difference between revisions

'''Hishām b. Sālim al-Jawālīqī al-Juʿfī''' (Arabic: {{ia|هشام بن سالم الجواليقي الجعفي}}) a student and companion of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] and [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]]. His expertise in [[kalam|theology]] was more than in [[jurisprudence]].  

He quoted [[hadith]]s from Imam al-Sadiq (a) and Imam al-Kazim (a) both directly and indirectly. His name appears in the chains of transmission of 663 hadiths in [[Shia]] [[:Category:Hadith literature|hadith collections]]. Some of the [[People of Consensus]] are among the narrators who quoted hadith from him or among the ones from whom he quoted hadiths.  

Hisham was a [[mawla]] (emancipated slave) of Bishr b. Marwan and among the captives of Jawzjan. [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] mentions him by the [[Kunya|teknonym]] Abu Muhammad and the epithet al-Ju'fi. He was also called by the epithets al-Jawaliqi and al-'Allaf.

According to a report, when [['Abd Allah b. Imam al-Sadiq (a)|'Abd Allah al-Aftah]] claimed to be the [[imam]] after the martyrdom of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], Hisham and [[Mu'min al-Taq]] asked him some questions regarding [[zakat]] (obligatory payment). His inadequate answer made them realize that 'Abd Allah was not the imam. After a short time of confusion, Hisham met [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] and realized that he was the true imam. Then he started to promote the [[imamate]] (leadership) of Imam al-Kazim (a) among those companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a) who had not been guided to the imamate of Imam al-Kazim (a) by then, which resulted in 'Abd Allah al-Aftah losing many of his followers. Consequently, the latter had some people beat Hisham because of that.

Hisham quoted [[hadith]]s from Imam al-Sadiq (a) and Imam al-Kazim (a). His name appears in 663 hadiths in Shia hadith collections. He quoted hadiths from hadith transmitters such as [[Abu Basir]], [[Abu Hamza al-Thumali]], [[Abu Khalid al-Kabuli]], [['Abd Allah b. Abi Ya'fur]], [[Aban b. Taghlib]], [[Aban b. 'Uthman]], and [[Zurara]].  

Traditionists such as [[Muhammad b. Abi 'Umayr]], [[Al-Hasan b. Mahbub|Ibn Mahbub]], [['Abd Allah b. Muskan|Ibn Muskan]], [[al-Bazanti]], [[Hammad b. 'Uthman]], and [[Safwan b. Yahya]] quoted hadiths from him.  

It is reported that a man from [[Syria]] asked [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] to have a debate with him. The Imam (a) told him to have debates with a number of his companions, including Hisham b. Salim.  

It is also reported that Hisham had some debates with [[Muhammad b. Bashir]], the leader of [[Bashiriyya]].

Al-Sum'ani and [[Abu l-Hasan al-Ash'ari]] regard Hisham as the leader of a certain sect called [[Hishamiyya]]. They claim that Hisham believed that [[God]] had the five senses and a luminous human-like from. These beliefs are attributed to Hisham in some hadiths as well.  

[[Ayatollah al-Khoei]] considers the hadiths that rebuke Hisham as unreliable and thus regards Hisham a trustworthy hadith transmitter.  

On the issue of [[istita'a (theology)|istita'a]] (ability), Abu l-Hasan al-Ash'ari reports that Hisham b. Salim held that istita'a was before the action, corporeal, and a part of human beings.

Hisham b. Salim had an [[Asl]] (principle), from which hadith transmitters including [[Ibn Abi Umayr]] quoted hadiths. It is also reported that he had books on [[hajj]], [[exegesis]], and [[Mi'raj|Ascension]]. The latter is said to be his most well-known work.

* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/{{ia|هشام_بن_سالم_جوالیقی هشام بن سالم جوالیقی}}] in Farsi WikiShia.

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