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Pledge of al-Ridwan: Difference between revisions
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'''Pledge of | {{Early Islam}} | ||
'''Pledge of al-Riḍwān''' (Arabic:{{ia| بيعة الرضوان}}, literally: pledge of satisfaction) or '''Pledge of the Tree''' (Arabic:{{ia|بيعة الشجرة}}) was a renewed [[pledge]] of some [[Sahaba]] of the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] which occurred in [[6]]/628 near [[Mecca]] before the [[Hudaybiyya Peace Treaty]]. The [[Quran 48]]:18, refers to this event. The titles, "Pledge of the Tree" and "Pledge of Satisfaction" (Ridwan) come from this Quranic verse. | |||
According to [[Sunni]] Muslims, the divine satisfaction with these pledgers is unconditional, unqualified, and eternal, and thus, all of the Sahaba who were present in this pledge are especially venerated. However, [[Shi' | According to [[Sunni]] Muslims, the divine satisfaction with these pledgers is unconditional, unqualified, and eternal, and thus, all of the Sahaba who were present in this pledge are especially venerated. However, [[Shi'a]]s hold that the satisfaction expressed in this Quranic verse is because of those people's sacrifices and their pledge on that day, but in order for it to be sustained, they had to fully comply with the Prophet (s). | ||
==The Pledge of Ridwan in the Quran== | ==The Pledge of al-Ridwan in the Quran== | ||
The event is mentioned in the [[Quran]] | The event is mentioned in the [[Quran 48]]:18. The titles, "Pledge of Satisfaction" and "Pledge of the Tree" come from this verse. | ||
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|لقد رضی اللّهُ عن المؤمنینَ اِذْ یبایعونَکَ تَحتَ الشجرة فَعَلِمَ ما فی قُلوبِهم فَأَنْزَلَ السَّکینة علیهم | |||
|Certainly was Allah pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you, [O Muhammad], under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity upon them and rewarded them with an imminent conquest}} | |||
==The Story of the Hudaybiyya Peace Treaty== | ==The Story of the Hudaybiyya Peace Treaty== | ||
In [[6]]/ | In [[6]]/628, [[the Prophet (s)]] and a group of [[Sahaba]] who only had a sword in a sheath and whose number is said to be from 1400 to 1600 left [[Medina]] to visit the [[Ka'ba]] and perform the rituals of [['umra]]. When they arrived in [[Hudaybiyya]], a village which was one station away from [[Mecca]] and 9 stations away from Medina, the polytheists blocked their way and prevented them from going to Mecca. The Prophet (s) had someone, called Kharash, sit on his camel and sent him to Mecca in order to tell the heads of the city that the Muslims were not there for fight; they were there only to visit the Ka'ba and then return home. However, people of Mecca killed the Prophet's (s) camel and some of them wanted to kill Kharash, but others did not let them do it, and they let him return to the Prophet (s). | ||
The Prophet (s) sent [['Uthman b. 'Affan]] to them and since it took a long time for him to return, there was a rumor that people of Mecca had killed 'Uthman. When this rumor was spread, the Prophet (s) gathered his companions and they pledged their allegiance to him on their lives. The pledge was made under a tree (a samura tree). Thus, the pledge came to be known as the Pledge of the Tree. | The Prophet (s) sent [['Uthman b. 'Affan]] to them and since it took a long time for him to return, there was a rumor that people of Mecca had killed 'Uthman. When this rumor was spread, the Prophet (s) gathered his companions and they pledged their allegiance to him on their lives. The pledge was made under a tree (a samura tree). Thus, the pledge came to be known as the Pledge of the Tree. | ||