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'''Biʿtha''' (Arabic: {{ia|بِعثَة}}) means selection of prophet by God for the guidance of people. The [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] in the age of forty in the [[Hira' cave]] in [[Mount Hira'|Mount Nur]] (close to [[Mecca]]) has been chosen as a prophet and the first verses of [[Qur'an 96]] has been revealed to him. The Bi'tha, according to Shiite point of view, was the beginning of Islam and occurred in [[Rajab 27]], [[13 BH|13]] lunar years before [[Hijra]] ([[June 25]], [[610 CE|610]]). | '''Biʿtha''' (Arabic: {{ia|بِعثَة}}) means selection of prophet by God for the guidance of people. The [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] in the age of forty in the [[Hira' cave]] in [[Mount Hira'|Mount Nur]] (close to [[Mecca]]) has been chosen as a prophet and the first verses of [[Qur'an 96]] has been revealed to him. The Bi'tha, according to Shiite point of view, was the beginning of Islam and occurred in [[Rajab 27]], [[13 BH|13]] lunar years before [[Hijra]] ([[June 25]], [[610 CE|610]]). | ||
Before the mission of the Prophet (s) began, most people of that region were idol-worshiper. Other divine religions had some followers in different places of that region. However, after the beginning of the mission of the Prophet (s), Islam expanded and idol- | Before the mission of the Prophet (s) began, most people of that region were idol-worshiper. Other divine religions had some followers in different places of that region. However, after the beginning of the mission of the Prophet (s), Islam expanded, and idol-worshipping was wiped away from [[Hijaz]]. | ||
The anniversary of the beginning | The anniversary of the beginning of the Prophet's (s) mission is among the celebrations of Shiite and is known as '''Eid al-Mab'ath'''. | ||
== Etymological and Technical meaning== | == Etymological and Technical meaning== | ||
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# The prophets have been chosen among the people themselves to be the same type. | # The prophets have been chosen among the people themselves to be the same type. | ||
Even though that choosing prophet from among the people sometimes is followed by ridicule and denial of [[polytheist]]s and their pride and spite, it has a reason and wisdom that | Even though that choosing prophet from among the people sometimes is followed by ridicule and denial of [[polytheist]]s and their pride and spite, it has a reason and wisdom that introduces exemplar to people to follow, as prophets have been described in Qur'an. If prophets have been chosen from other beings than humans, they couldn't be exemplars for humanity and this is one of the divine traditions that the prophet of each group should be from among them to be able to represent the religious message completely. | ||
{{Supplications-Vertical}} | {{Supplications-Vertical}} | ||
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Also, divine religions the natures of which were transformed had followers in different parts of the land. Judaism was common in Yemen, Wadi al-Qura, [[Khaybar]] and [[Yathrib]], among the tribes of [[Banu Qurayza]], [[Banu Qaynuqa']] and Banu al-Nadir. Tribes of Taghlib, Ghassan, and Quda'a in the north and Yemen in the south were Christian. [[Zoroastrian]]ism and [[Buddhism]] existed in the north-east and [[Sabaean]]s' teachings were common in Yemen, Harran and northern regions of [[Iraq]]. | Also, divine religions the natures of which were transformed had followers in different parts of the land. Judaism was common in Yemen, Wadi al-Qura, [[Khaybar]] and [[Yathrib]], among the tribes of [[Banu Qurayza]], [[Banu Qaynuqa']] and Banu al-Nadir. Tribes of Taghlib, Ghassan, and Quda'a in the north and Yemen in the south were Christian. [[Zoroastrian]]ism and [[Buddhism]] existed in the north-east and [[Sabaean]]s' teachings were common in Yemen, Harran and northern regions of [[Iraq]]. | ||
Few people kept away from these creeds and stayed for some days in seclusion; as it is mentioned in some narrations that [['Abd al-Muttalib]], the grandfather of the Prophet (s) took [[tahannuth]] for the first time during the [[month of Ramadan]] in the [[cave of Hira']]. When the month of Ramadan came, he went to the cave of Hira' and gave food to needy people. After him, others such as [[Waraqa b. Nufil]] and Abu Umayya b. Mughayra followed him and stayed there until the end of the month. | |||
However, maybe they did not gather in one place such as the cave of Hira', but their seclusion was in the month of Ramadan which suggests the people's respect for the month of Ramadan and it can be a sign that this habit had an older origin and history. Those who had chosen such a manner and in general, those who were against idol-worshipping were called "Hunafa'" or "Ahnaf" (plural form for "hanif"). | However, maybe they did not gather in one place such as the cave of Hira', but their seclusion was in the month of Ramadan which suggests the people's respect for the month of Ramadan and it can be a sign that this habit had an older origin and history. Those who had chosen such a manner and in general, those who were against idol-worshipping were called "Hunafa'" or "Ahnaf" (plural form for "hanif"). | ||
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}} | }} | ||
And thus his mission reached a new level by inviting his kinsfolk to Islam. | |||
In the same year he received: | In the same year he received: | ||
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|source = 15:94 | |source = 15:94 | ||
}} | }} | ||
By the revelation of this verse, his mission became public | By the revelation of this verse, his mission became public. For the first time, the Prophet (s) declared his divine call in the [[Ukaz bazaar]] where people gathered for trade and some of them had a session for new poems and different stories and he asked all for their attention and stated his divine message. | ||
On that day [[Abu Lahab]] ridiculed the Prophet (s) and some joined him in making fun of the Prophet (s) but [[Abu Talib]] advocated the Prophet (s) and punished them. Few people believed in Prophet (s)<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 17-18.</ref> and were added to those who have believed in the concealed era of his mission. (see:[[Public Invitation]]) | On that day [[Abu Lahab]] ridiculed the Prophet (s) and some joined him in making fun of the Prophet (s) but [[Abu Talib]] advocated the Prophet (s) and punished them. Few people believed in Prophet (s)<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 17-18.</ref> and were added to those who have believed in the concealed era of his mission. (see:[[Public Invitation]]) | ||
===Revelation=== | ===Revelation=== | ||
The first time that [[Jabra'il]] (Gabriel) came to the Prophet (s), this encounter was along with majesty and feeling of a great burden of prophethood | The first time that [[Jabra'il]] (Gabriel) came to the Prophet (s), this encounter was along with majesty and feeling of a great burden of prophethood. It has been narrated that after this encounter prophet went to his home and asked his wife: "Cover me" but no wondering or ambiguity were narrated about this encounter because the Prophet (s) was ready and capable of having a connection with the [[Jabra'il|angel of revelation]] and the invisible world and the Prophet (s) before seeing Jabra'il, has seen its works. | ||
In his childhood because of his purity and his hate of corrupted atmosphere of [[Mecca]] in that time, he was interested in soleness and isolation from the city. He used to go for one month isolation in the mountains close to Mecca and he had some dreams about the invisible world and he had three years of relationship with the [[Israfil]] and 20 years with the [[Jabra'il]]<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 16; Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 46-50.</ref> before his Bi'tha and therefore he was ready when he received the first message from God. | In his childhood because of his purity and his hate of the corrupted atmosphere of [[Mecca]] in that time, he was interested in soleness and isolation from the city. He used to go for one-month isolation in the mountains close to Mecca and he had some dreams about the invisible world and he had three years of relationship with the [[Israfil]] and 20 years with the [[Jabra'il]]<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 16; Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 46-50.</ref> before his Bi'tha and therefore he was ready when he received the first message from God. | ||
If we accept these narrations, we find other narrations doubtful | If we accept these narrations, we find other narrations doubtful that the Prophet (s) was unfamiliar with revelation and angels and was suspicious and afraid of distracted consciousness or being attacked by the jinn. Because of these doubts, he had a consultation with [[Khadija (a)]] and got confirmation from [[Waraqa b. Nawfal]] as a witness of his prophethood and calmed down with his consolation.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 238; Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 17; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 2,p. 299.</ref> This kind of narrations is in conflict with growing stages and the training atmosphere that the Prophet (s) had and it is also against his vision and perspective of the great burden of prophethood. | ||
== Position in the Islamic Culture == | == Position in the Islamic Culture == | ||
Bi'tha has a very remarkable position among Muslims. It actually is the beginning point of Islam, the religion that in its early years had few followers and difficult circumstances and later expands to whole world and attracted numerous hearts. | Bi'tha has a very remarkable position among Muslims. It actually is the beginning point of Islam, the religion that in its early years had few followers and difficult circumstances and later expands to the whole world and attracted numerous hearts. The beginning of all of that crucial change is Bi'tha. | ||
According to historians, this great event happened on Monday in the [[Rajab 27]] in the fortieth year after [[ | According to historians, this great event happened on Monday in the [[Rajab 27]] in the fortieth year after [[Am al-Fil]] and 13 years before [[Hijra]] ([[June 28]], 610) which was the 20th year of Khusru Parwiz's government in [[Iran]]. Other opinions believe that Bi'tha was in 17th or 18th of the month of [[Ramadan]] or in one day of [[Rabi' II]], nonetheless [[Shi'a]] believes in the first idea (Rajab 27). | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||