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Abd al-Malik b. Marwan: Difference between revisions
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==Birth and Lineage== | ==Birth and Lineage== | ||
Abu l-Walid 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan b. Hakam b. Abi al-Waqqas b. Umayya b. 'Abd al-Shams, the fifth Umayyad caliph was born in [[26]]/646 in [[Medina]], [[Hijaz]]. [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]], his father, was an Umayyad caliph and 'Aisha, his mother, was the daughter of [[Mu'awiya b. Mughira b. Abi l-'As]]. 'Abd al-Malik had 17 sons; four of them, Walid, Sulayman, Yazid and Hisham, later became caliph as well. | Abu l-Walid 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan b. Hakam b. Abi al-Waqqas b. Umayya b. 'Abd al-Shams, the fifth Umayyad caliph was born in [[26]]/646 in [[Medina]], [[Hijaz]]. [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]], his father, was an Umayyad caliph and 'Aisha, his mother, was the daughter of [[Mu'awiya b. Mughira b. Abi l-'As]]. 'Abd al-Malik had 17 sons; four of them, Walid, Sulayman, Yazid and Hisham, later became caliph as well.<ref>Ibn Ḥazm, ''Jamhara ansāb al-ʿarab'', p.82-89.</ref> | ||
==Characteristics== | ==Characteristics== | ||
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==Rule== | ==Rule== | ||
When [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]] set out for [[Egypt]] in 65/685 to suppress the riots, he appointed 'Abd al-Malik to be a caliph. Marwan passed away in [[Ramadan]] it that year, and people of [[Damascus]] took oath of allegiance to 'Abd al-Malik. When he came to power, Muslims' territory was in chaos and Umayyad dynasty was in decline. | When [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]] set out for [[Egypt]] in 65/685 to suppress the riots, he appointed 'Abd al-Malik to be a caliph. Marwan passed away in [[Ramadan]] it that year, and people of [[Damascus]] took oath of allegiance to 'Abd al-Malik.<ref>Ibn Kathīr al-Damishqī, ''Al-Bidāya wa al-nihāya'', vol.8, p.260.</ref> When he came to power, Muslims' territory was in chaos and Umayyad dynasty was in decline. | ||
==Dealing with Internal and External Threats== | ==Dealing with Internal and External Threats== | ||
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# A group of [[Banu Umayyad]] who disagreed with [[caliphate]] of 'Abd al-Malik and considered themselves worthy of caliphate. 'Amr b. Sa'id b. al-'As known as [['Amr b. Sa'id b. al-Ashdaq]] was the most important one, who was promised to be appointed as the Crown Prince by 'Abd all-Malik and then he was killed after a while. | # A group of [[Banu Umayyad]] who disagreed with [[caliphate]] of 'Abd al-Malik and considered themselves worthy of caliphate. 'Amr b. Sa'id b. al-'As known as [['Amr b. Sa'id b. al-Ashdaq]] was the most important one, who was promised to be appointed as the Crown Prince by 'Abd all-Malik and then he was killed after a while. | ||
'Abd al-Malik also managed to suppress the movement of Mardaites with similar strategy. | 'Abd al-Malik also managed to suppress the movement of Mardaites with similar strategy.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Al-Kāmil fī al-tārīkh'', vol.2, p.304. </ref> | ||
===Romans=== | ===Romans=== | ||