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Abd al-Malik b. Marwan: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox | {{Infobox Ruler | ||
| | | title = | ||
| known for = | | known for = Fifth Umayyad Caliph | ||
| image = | | image = | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| | | Name = 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan | ||
| | | Teknonym = Abu l-Walid | ||
| Epithet = | | Epithet = | ||
| Birth = [[26]]/646 | | Birth = [[26]]/646 | ||
| | | Death = [[86]]/705 | ||
| | | Father = [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]] | ||
| | | Mother = 'A'isha bt. Mu'awiya b. al-Mughira | ||
| | | Children = Walid, Sulayman, Yazid, Hisham, and ... | ||
| | | Spouse(s) = | ||
| Burial Place = Damascus | | Religion = | ||
| | | Burial Place = Damascus <!--also use {{coord| |N| |E|display=inline}}--> | ||
| | |||
| | | Dynasty = [[Umayyad]] | ||
| | | Area of Governance = | ||
| | | Reign = 65/685 | ||
| | | Contemporary with = [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]], [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] | ||
| | | Capital = Damascus | ||
| Activities = Conquering North of Africa, defeating Shi'as, Zubayrids, and others | |||
| Remnants = Arabicization of courts and Mintage of Coin | |||
| Predecessor = [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]] | |||
| Successor = [[Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān''' (Arabic:{{ia|عبدالملک بن مروان}}) (b. [[26]]/646 - d. [[86]]/705) was the fifth [[Umayyad]] caliph who came to power in 65/684-85, after the death of his father, [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]]; he ruled for 21 years. In that time Muslims were suffering from a lot of internal issues, also Rome was a constant threat to Muslims. As 'Abd al-Malik was a capable ruler, he managed to overcome the issues and he suppressed the oppositions by force, tricks, and violence. [[Ka'ba]] was partly destroyed in that time due to local conflicts. He appointed [[al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]] as the governor of [[Kufa]] who put [[Shi'as]] under severe pressure. [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] was living in the time of 'Abd al-Malik's [[caliphate]]. Imam (a) suggested him to mint coins which became the first currency for Muslims. 'Abd al-Malik passed away at the age of 60 or 61, he is buried in [[Damascus]]. | '''ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān''' (Arabic:{{ia|عبدالملک بن مروان}}) (b. [[26]]/646 - d. [[86]]/705) was the fifth [[Umayyad]] caliph who came to power in 65/684-85, after the death of his father, [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]]; he ruled for 21 years. In that time Muslims were suffering from a lot of internal issues, also Rome was a constant threat to Muslims. As 'Abd al-Malik was a capable ruler, he managed to overcome the issues and he suppressed the oppositions by force, tricks, and violence. [[Ka'ba]] was partly destroyed in that time due to local conflicts. He appointed [[al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]] as the governor of [[Kufa]] who put [[Shi'as]] under severe pressure. [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] was living in the time of 'Abd al-Malik's [[caliphate]]. Imam (a) suggested him to mint coins which became the first currency for Muslims. 'Abd al-Malik passed away at the age of 60 or 61, he is buried in [[Damascus]]. | ||
==Birth and Lineage== | ==Birth and Lineage== | ||
Abu l-Walid 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan b. Hakam b. Abi al-'As b. Umayya b. 'Abd Shams, the fifth Umayyad caliph was born in [[26]]/646-47 in [[Medina]], [[Hijaz]]. [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]], his father, was an Umayyad caliph and 'A'isha bt. Mu'awiya b. al-Mughira b. Abi l-'As. 'Abd al-Malik had 17 sons; four of them, al-Walid, Sulayman, Yazid and Hisham, later became caliph as well.<ref>Ibn Ḥazm, ''Jamharat ansāb al-ʿArab'', p.82-89.</ref> | Abu l-Walid 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan b. Hakam b. Abi al-'As b. Umayya b. 'Abd Shams, the fifth Umayyad caliph was born in [[26]]/646-47 in [[Medina]], [[Hijaz]]. [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]], his father, was an Umayyad caliph and his mother was 'A'isha bt. Mu'awiya b. al-Mughira b. Abi l-'As. 'Abd al-Malik had 17 sons; four of them, al-Walid, Sulayman, Yazid and Hisham, later became caliph as well.<ref>Ibn Ḥazm, ''Jamharat ansāb al-ʿArab'', p.82-89.</ref> | ||
==Characteristics== | ==Characteristics== | ||
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==Beginning of Rule== | ==Beginning of Rule== | ||
When [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]] set out for [[Egypt]] in 65/684-85 to suppress the riots, he appointed 'Abd al-Malik to be a caliph. Marwan passed away in [[Ramadan]] | When [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]] set out for [[Egypt]] in 65/684-85 to suppress the riots, he appointed 'Abd al-Malik to be a caliph. Marwan passed away in [[Ramadan]] in that year, and people of [[Damascus]] took oath of allegiance to 'Abd al-Malik.<ref>Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol.8, p.260.</ref> When he came to power, Muslims' territory was in chaos and Umayyad dynasty was in decline. | ||
==Dealing with Internal and External Threats== | ==Dealing with Internal and External Threats== | ||