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Lady Ma'suma (a) never married.<ref>Mahdīpūr, ''Karīma Ahl Bayt (a)'', p. 150.</ref> Some reasons have been mentioned for this, including:  
Lady Ma'suma (a) never married.<ref>Mahdīpūr, ''Karīma Ahl Bayt (a)'', p. 150.</ref> Some reasons have been mentioned for this, including:  


# '''Pressure in the time of the Abbasid caliph, Harun:''' A more likely opinion about the reason why she remained single is that during the reign of [[Harun al-Rashid]] and [[al-Ma'mun]], [[Shi'a|Shi'as]], [['Alavi|'Alawis]] and their leader, Imam al-Kazim (a), were under harsh persecution. Consequently, their social connections were severely limited and nobody dared to have relations with them.
'''1-Pressure in the time of the Abbasid caliph, Harun:''' A more likely opinion about the reason why she remained single is that during the reign of [[Harun al-Rashid]] and [[al-Ma'mun]], [[Shi'a|Shi'as]], [['Alavi|'Alawis]] and their leader, Imam al-Kazim (a), were under harsh persecution. Consequently, their social connections were severely limited and nobody dared to have relations with them.
# '''Being matchless:''' Some believe that knowledge and spiritual perfection of Lady Ma'suma (a) was so high that she had no match for marriage.<ref>Mahdīpūr, ''Karīma Ahl Bayt (a)'', p. 151.</ref> On the contrary, some say that Imams (a) never forced their daughters not to marry and they believed that practicing Muslim men are a match for practicing Muslim women.
 
# '''The will of her father:''' According to a report from [[al-Ya'qubi]], it was in the [[Wasiyya|will]] of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] that none of his daughters should marry<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 361.</ref>; however, other historians have rejected the authenticity of this report.<ref>Qarashī, ''Ḥayāt al-Imām Mūsā b. Ja'far (a)'', vol. 2, p. 497.</ref>  
'''2-Being matchless:''' Some believe that knowledge and spiritual perfection of Lady Ma'suma (a) was so high that she had no match for marriage.<ref>Mahdīpūr, ''Karīma Ahl Bayt (a)'', p. 151.</ref> On the contrary, some say that Imams (a) never forced their daughters not to marry and they believed that practicing Muslim men are a match for practicing Muslim women.
 
'''3-The will of her father:''' According to a report from [[al-Ya'qubi]], it was in the [[Wasiyya|will]] of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] that none of his daughters should marry<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 361.</ref>; however, other historians have rejected the authenticity of this report.<ref>Qarashī, ''Ḥayāt al-Imām Mūsā b. Ja'far (a)'', vol. 2, p. 497.</ref>  


In Imam al-Kazim's will, the full obedience of all children to [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] is stressed, and it is explicitly stated: "None of my daughters shall marry by the leave of their half-brothers, uncles or rulers, except with a consultation and accordance to the opinion of al-Rida (a). If they do otherwise, it is as if they have opposed God and his Prophet (s) and disputed with God in his divine kingdom; for he (Imam al-Rida) is more aware of the interests of his tribe in the matter of marriage. Therefore, whomever he wants, will get married, and whomever he does not want, shall refrain from it"<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 317.</ref>.
In Imam al-Kazim's will, the full obedience of all children to [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] is stressed, and it is explicitly stated: "None of my daughters shall marry by the leave of their half-brothers, uncles or rulers, except with a consultation and accordance to the opinion of al-Rida (a). If they do otherwise, it is as if they have opposed God and his Prophet (s) and disputed with God in his divine kingdom; for he (Imam al-Rida) is more aware of the interests of his tribe in the matter of marriage. Therefore, whomever he wants, will get married, and whomever he does not want, shall refrain from it"<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 317.</ref>.


==Narrations==
===Narrations===
As a narrator, Fatima al-Ma'suma has quoted several Hadith from previous Infallible [[Imams (a)]], most notably of which are: The [[Hadith al-Ghadir]], the [[Hadith al-Manzila]], and hadith concerning the love for [[Prophet Muhammad's Progeny (a)]], and the position of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and his followers.
As a narrator, Fatima al-Ma'suma has quoted several Hadith from previous Infallible [[Imams (a)]], most notably of which are: The [[Hadith al-Ghadir]], the [[Hadith al-Manzila]], and hadith concerning the love for [[Prophet Muhammad's Progeny (a)]], and the position of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and his followers.


==Immigration to Iran and Arrival in Qom==
==Immigration to Iran and Arrival in Qom and Demise==
The author of the book ''The History of Qom'', writes: in the year 200/815 the Abbasid caliph, [[Ma'mun]], summoned [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] from [[Medina]] to [[Merv]], for he wanted to appoint the Imam as his successor. Fatima al-Ma'suma (a) left Medina in 201/816 in order to join her brother. It has been reported that she prepared herself for the long journey after she received a letter from her brother in that regard. Al-Ma'suma (a) headed for [[Iran]] in a caravan of her relatives. Upon their arrival to [[Saveh]], a city near [[Qom]], they had a bloody confrontation with the enemies of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] which resulted in the martyrdom of all her brothers and nephews. When she saw the bloody scene she became ill. Thereafter, she ordered her servant to take her to the city of Qom.<ref>Qummī, ''Tārīkh-i Qom'', p. 213.</ref>
The author of the book ''The History of Qom'', writes: in the year 200/815 the Abbasid caliph, [[Ma'mun]], summoned [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] from [[Medina]] to [[Merv]], for he wanted to appoint the Imam as his successor. Fatima al-Ma'suma (a) left Medina in 201/816 in order to join her brother. It has been reported that she prepared herself for the long journey after she received a letter from her brother in that regard. Al-Ma'suma (a) headed for [[Iran]] in a caravan of her relatives. Upon their arrival to [[Saveh]], a city near [[Qom]], they had a bloody confrontation with the enemies of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] which resulted in the martyrdom of all her brothers and nephews. When she saw the bloody scene she became ill. Thereafter, she ordered her servant to take her to the city of Qom.<ref>Qummī, ''Tārīkh-i Qom'', p. 213.</ref>


Another historical account states that when the news of her illness reached [[Banu Sa'd]], they decided to go to her and request her to come to Qom.<ref>Qummī, ''Tārīkh-i Qom'', p. 213.</ref> [[Musa b. Khazraj]], a companion to Imam al-Rida (a), was the first to do so.<ref>Qummī, ''Tārīkh-i Qom'', p. 213.</ref> He went to the caravan and invited her to his house. In some later history books, the date of her arrival to Qom is recorded as [[Rabi' I 23]], 200/[[October 23]], 816. Fatima al-Ma'suma settled in this house for seventeen days, spending her time in worshiping and praying. Today, the sanctuary where she prayed in the house of Musa b. Khazraj in Qom is a famous site known as [[Sittiyyah]] or Bayt al-Nur (the house of light).
Another historical account states that when the news of her illness reached [[Banu Sa'd]], they decided to go to her and request her to come to Qom.<ref>Qummī, ''Tārīkh-i Qom'', p. 213.</ref> [[Musa b. Khazraj]], a companion to Imam al-Rida (a), was the first to do so.<ref>Qummī, ''Tārīkh-i Qom'', p. 213.</ref> He went to the caravan and invited her to his house. In some later history books, the date of her arrival to Qom is recorded as [[Rabi' I 23]], 200/[[October 23]], 816. Fatima al-Ma'suma settled in this house for seventeen days, spending her time in worshiping and praying. Today, the sanctuary where she prayed in the house of Musa b. Khazraj in Qom is a famous site known as [[Sittiyyah]] or Bayt al-Nur (the house of light).


==Demise==
===Demise===
There is no explicit mention of the exact date of her demise in early sources; however, later historical accounts state that she passed away on [[Rabi' II 10]], [[201]]/[[November 5]], [[816 CE|816]] when she was 28 years old. Some also have recorded the 12th of the same month (November 7).  
There is no explicit mention of the exact date of her demise in early sources; however, later historical accounts state that she passed away on [[Rabi' II 10]], [[201]]/[[November 5]], [[816 CE|816]] when she was 28 years old. Some also have recorded the 12th of the same month (November 7).  


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[[Imam al-Rida (a)]] is reported to have said, "Whoever visits her, it is as if he has visited me"<ref>'Maḥallātī, Rayāḥīn al-sharī'a, vol. 5, p. 35.</ref> or in another account: "Whoever visits her will enter Paradise."<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'',  vol. 2, p. 271; Shūshtarī, ''Majālis al-muʾminīn'', vol. 1, p. 83.</ref> [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] said: whoever visits the Shrine of my aunt, Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a), in Qom, with the love and knowledge of her true position, will be among the inhabitants of the Paradise<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 102, p. 266.</ref>.
[[Imam al-Rida (a)]] is reported to have said, "Whoever visits her, it is as if he has visited me"<ref>'Maḥallātī, Rayāḥīn al-sharī'a, vol. 5, p. 35.</ref> or in another account: "Whoever visits her will enter Paradise."<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'',  vol. 2, p. 271; Shūshtarī, ''Majālis al-muʾminīn'', vol. 1, p. 83.</ref> [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] said: whoever visits the Shrine of my aunt, Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a), in Qom, with the love and knowledge of her true position, will be among the inhabitants of the Paradise<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 102, p. 266.</ref>.


===Ziyarah Text===
In some books, a [[ziyarah text]] for Lady Ma'suma from Imam al-Rida (a). [[Al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] has narrated this ziyarah text in his books, ''[[Biḥār al-anwār]]'', ''[[Zad al-ma'ad (book)|Zad al-ma'ad]]'', ''[[Tuhfa al-za'ir (book)|Tuhfa al-za'ir]]'' <ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 99, p. 266-267; ''Zād al-maʿād '', p. 547-548; ''Tuḥfat al-zāʾir'', p. 4.</ref> and has said in the introduction that he has only narrated ziyarah texts with a reliable chain of transmission.
It is said that Fatima al-Zahra' (a) and Fatima al-Ma'suma (a) are the only ladies for whom Ziyarah texts have been narrated from Imams (a).<ref>Mahdīpūr, ''Karīma Ahl Bayt (a)'', p. 150.</ref>
== Further Reading ==
* Jaffer, Ma'suma, [http://www.al-islam.org/masumaqum ''Lady Fatima Masuma (a) of Qum''], Qum, Jami'at al-Zahra (Islamic Seminary for Women);
* Fadlullah, Sayyid Muhammad Husayn, [http://www.al-islam.org/fatimah-a-role-model-for-men-and-women '' Fatimah al-Ma`sumah (as): a role model for men and women''], Al-Bakir Cultural & Social Centre.
{{fulltext
{{fulltext
|Ziyarah text of Fatima al-Ma'suma (a)}}
|Ziyarah text of Fatima al-Ma'suma (a)}}
===Ziyarah Text===
{{Main|Holy Shrine of Lady Ma'suma (a)}}
In some books, a [[ziyarah text]] for Lady Ma'suma from Imam al-Rida (a). [[Al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] has narrated this ziyarah text in his book, ''[[Tuhfa al-za'ir (book)|Tuhfa al-za'ir]]'' and has said in the introduction that he has only narrated ziyarah texts with a reliable chain of transmission.
It is said that Fatima al-Zahra' (a) and Fatima al-Ma'suma (a) are the only ladies for whom Ziyarah texts have been narrated from Imams (a).


== See also ==
== See also ==
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* Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad b. Abī Yaʿqūb al-. ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Amīr Muhannā. 1st edition. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1413 AH.
* Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad b. Abī Yaʿqūb al-. ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Amīr Muhannā. 1st edition. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1413 AH.
{{end}}
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== Further Reading ==
* Jaffer, Ma'suma, [http://www.al-islam.org/masumaqum ''Lady Fatima Masuma (a) of Qum''], Qum, Jami'at al-Zahra (Islamic Seminary for Women);
* Fadlullah, Sayyid Muhammad Husayn, [http://www.al-islam.org/fatimah-a-role-model-for-men-and-women '' Fatimah al-Ma`sumah (as): a role model for men and women''], Al-Bakir Cultural & Social Centre;


{{Ahl al-Bayt's Women}}
{{Ahl al-Bayt's Women}}
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