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Abd Allah al-Aftah: Difference between revisions
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== His Life == | == His Life == | ||
'Abd Allah was the second son of [[Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a)]] (after [[Isma'il b. ja'far|Isma'il]]).<ref> | 'Abd Allah was the second son of [[Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a)]] (after [[Isma'il b. ja'far|Isma'il]]).<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 210.</ref> His mother was daughter of Husayn b. 'Ali b. [[al-Husayn b. b. Ali (a)]].<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 209.</ref> He was known as 'Abd Allah Aftah because of having wide toes.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 211.</ref> | ||
According to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], the position of 'Abd Allah before his father was not like his other brothers because he was against his father in beliefs. He also associated with [[Hashwiyya]] and tended toward [[Murji'a]].<ref> | According to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], the position of 'Abd Allah before his father was not like his other brothers because he was against his father in beliefs. He also associated with [[Hashwiyya]] and tended toward [[Murji'a]].<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 211.</ref> | ||
'Abd Allah had no children,<ref>Ibn Hazm, ''Jamhara 'ansab al-'arab'', p. 59.</ref> but in some [[Isma'iliyya|Isma'ili]] and other sources,<ref>Ibn | 'Abd Allah had no children,<ref>Ibn Hazm, ''Jamhara 'ansab al-'arab'', p. 59.</ref> but in some [[Isma'iliyya|Isma'ili]] and other sources,<ref>Ibn Ḥazm, ''Jamharat ansāb al-ʿarab'', p. 59.</ref> it has been said that instead of Isma'il, [[Fatimid]] caliphs introduced his brother, 'Abd Allah Aftah as their imam and their ancestor, but later changed their manner and introduced Isma'il as their imam. | ||
'Abd Allah died 70 days after the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a).<ref> | 'Abd Allah died 70 days after the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a).<ref>Qāḍī Nuʿmān, ''Sharḥ al-akhbār'', vol. 3, p. 310.</ref> | ||
{{family tree of Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | {{family tree of Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | ||
== Progeny of the Prophet (s) == | == Progeny of the Prophet (s) == | ||
=== Claiming Imamate === | === Claiming Imamate === | ||
Upon the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a), 'Abd Allah was his eldest son. With this justification that [[imamate]] reaches the eldest son of Imam, claimed imamate and soon some [[Shia]] followed him. It is narrated that before his martyrdom, Imam al-Sadiq (a) foresaw about claiming imamate by 'Abd Allah and advised [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] to leave 'Abd Allah, because he would die soon afterwards.<ref> | Upon the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a), 'Abd Allah was his eldest son. With this justification that [[imamate]] reaches the eldest son of Imam, claimed imamate and soon some [[Shia]] followed him. It is narrated that before his martyrdom, Imam al-Sadiq (a) foresaw about claiming imamate by 'Abd Allah and advised [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] to leave 'Abd Allah, because he would die soon afterwards.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-waṣīyya'', p. 198. </ref> | ||
=== His Incompetence in answering Questions of the Companions === | === His Incompetence in answering Questions of the Companions === | ||
It is mentioned that Shia and [[List of Companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)|companions]] of Imam al-Sadiq (a) asked 'Abd Allah some questions to ensure about his claim, but he could not give proper answers and thus many Shia left him. These questions have been mentioned in different sources, for example Some Shia from [[Khurasan]] came to [[Medina]] after the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a) and asked some questions from 'Abd Allah but he could not answer them.<ref> | It is mentioned that Shia and [[List of Companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)|companions]] of Imam al-Sadiq (a) asked 'Abd Allah some questions to ensure about his claim, but he could not give proper answers and thus many Shia left him. These questions have been mentioned in different sources, for example Some Shia from [[Khurasan]] came to [[Medina]] after the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a) and asked some questions from 'Abd Allah but he could not answer them.<ref>Nūrī, ''Mustadrak al-Wasāʾil'', vol. 15, p. 467.</ref> | ||
[[Hisham b. Salim]] and [[Mu'min al-Taq]] asked him about [[Zakat]] of 100 Dirhams. He answered two dirhams.<ref> | [[Hisham b. Salim]] and [[Mu'min al-Taq]] asked him about [[Zakat]] of 100 Dirhams. He answered two dirhams.<ref>Nabāṭī al-Bayāḍī, ''al-Ṣirāt al-mustaqīm'',vol.2, p. 191. </ref> | ||
It is reported that he was asked, "if someone tell his wife, without having a witness, 'I have divorced from you by as many times as the number of stars in the sky', would it be correct?" He answered, "the divorce is correct."<ref> | It is reported that he was asked, "if someone tell his wife, without having a witness, 'I have divorced from you by as many times as the number of stars in the sky', would it be correct?" He answered, "the divorce is correct."<ref>Nabāṭī al-Bayāḍī, ''al-Ṣirāt al-mustaqīm'', vol. 2, p. 192. </ref> | ||
== Fatahiyya == | == Fatahiyya == | ||
{{main|Fatahiyya}} | {{main|Fatahiyya}} | ||
When 'Abd Allah claimed imamate, some Shia followed him and were known as Fatahiyya.<ref> | When 'Abd Allah claimed imamate, some Shia followed him and were known as Fatahiyya.<ref>Subḥānī, ''Buhūth fī l-milal wa l-niḥal'', vol. 8, p. 78.</ref> At the time of Imam al-Sadiq (a), it was commonly said among Shias that the eldest son reaches the position of imamate. Accordingly, some who did not hear about Imam al-Sadiq's (a) declaration of Imam al-Kazim's imamate, followed 'Abd Allah who was the elder brother and had claimed imamate. When he died 70 days after the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a), the rest of his followers returned to Imam al-Kazim (a).<ref>Shahristānī, ''al-Milal wa l-niḥal'', vol. 1, p. 148. </ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* Ibn | *Ibn Ḥazm al-Āndulusī, ʿAlī b. Aḥmad al-. ''Jamharat ansāb al-ʿarab''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1418 AH. | ||
* | *Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. ''Ithbāt al-waṣīyya''. Qom: Anṣārīyān, 1426 AH. | ||
* | *Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Irshād''. Qom: Kungira-yi Shaykh Mufīd, 1413 AH. | ||
* | *Nabāṭī al-Bayāḍī, ʿAlī b. Yūnus al-. ''Al-Ṣirāt al-mustaqīm''. Najaf: al-Maktaba al-Murtaḍawīyya, 1384 AH. | ||
* | *Nūrī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad Taqī al-. ''Mustadrak al-Wasāʾil''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1408 AH. | ||
* | *Qāḍī Nuʿmān al-Maghribī. ''Sharḥ al-akhbār fī faḍāʾil al-aʾimma al-aṭhār''. Qom: Daftar-i Nashr-i Islāmī, 1409 AH. | ||
*Shahristānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Karīm. ''Al-Milal wa l-niḥal''. Fourth edition. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1415 AH. | |||
* | *Subḥānī, Jaʿfar. ''Buhūth fī l-milal wa l-niḥal''. Qom: Muʾassisat Imām al-Ṣādiq, 1418 AH. | ||
{{end}} | |||
{{Imam al-Sadiq (a)}} | {{Imam al-Sadiq (a)}} | ||
[[fa:عبدالله بن جعفر الصادق]] | [[fa:عبدالله بن جعفر الصادق]] | ||