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Abd Allah al-Aftah: Difference between revisions
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| Role = claimed [[imamate]] after [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] | | Role = claimed [[imamate]] after [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] | ||
| Name = | | Name = Abd Allah b. Ja'far | ||
| Kunya = | | Kunya = | ||
| Epithet = | | Epithet = Abd Allah al-Aftah | ||
| Well Known As = | | Well Known As = | ||
| Religious Affiliation = | | Religious Affiliation = | ||
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| Age = | | Age = | ||
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'''ʿAbd Allah b. Jaʿfar''' (Arabic: {{ia|عبدالله بن جعفر}}); (d. [[149]]/766) known as '''ʿAbd Allah al-Afṭaḥ''' ({{ia|عبدالله الافطَح}}) was the second son of [[Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a)]] who claimed [[imamate]] after the [[martyrdom]] of Imam al-Sadiq (a) and his followers became famous as [[Fatahiyya]]. Some of those who followed | '''ʿAbd Allah b. Jaʿfar''' (Arabic: {{ia|عبدالله بن جعفر}}); (d. [[149]]/766) known as '''ʿAbd Allah al-Afṭaḥ''' ({{ia|عبدالله الافطَح}}) was the second son of [[Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a)]] who claimed [[imamate]] after the [[martyrdom]] of Imam al-Sadiq (a) and his followers became famous as [[Fatahiyya]]. Some of those who followed Abd Allah soon left him due to his lack of religious knowledge. Abd Allah died 70 days after claiming imamate, and since he did not have any children, the rest of his followers turned to [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] for their matters. | ||
== His Life == | == His Life == | ||
'Abd Allah was the second son of [[Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a)]] (after [[Isma'il b. al-Imam al-Sadiq (a)|Isma'il]]).<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 210.</ref> His mother was daughter of Husayn b. 'Ali b. [[al-Husayn b. Ali (a)]].<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 209.</ref> He was known as | 'Abd Allah was the second son of [[Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a)]] (after [[Isma'il b. al-Imam al-Sadiq (a)|Isma'il]]).<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 210.</ref> His mother was daughter of Husayn b. 'Ali b. [[al-Husayn b. Ali (a)]].<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 209.</ref> He was known as Abd Allah Aftah because of having wide toes.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 211.</ref> | ||
According to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], | According to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], Abd Allah's position before his father was not like his other brothers because he was against his father in beliefs. He also associated with [[Hashwiyya]] and tended toward [[Murji'a]].<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 211.</ref> | ||
Abd Allah had no children,<ref>Ibn Hazm, ''Jamhara 'ansab al-'arab'', p. 59.</ref> but in some [[Isma'iliyya|Isma'ili]] and other sources,<ref>Ibn Ḥazm, ''Jamharat ansāb al-ʿarab'', p. 59.</ref> it has been said that instead of Isma'il, [[Fatimid]] caliphs introduced his brother, Abd Allah Aftah as their imam and their ancestor, but later changed their manner and introduced Isma'il as their imam. | |||
Abd Allah died 70 days after the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a).<ref>Qāḍī Nuʿmān, ''Sharḥ al-akhbār'', vol. 3, p. 310.</ref> | |||
{{family tree of Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | {{family tree of Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | ||
== Progeny of the Prophet (s) == | == Progeny of the Prophet (s) == | ||
=== Claiming Imamate === | === Claiming Imamate === | ||
Upon the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a), | Upon the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a), Abd Allah was his eldest son. With this justification that [[imamate]] reaches the eldest son of Imam, claimed imamate and soon some [[Shia]] followed him. It is narrated that before his martyrdom, Imam al-Sadiq (a) foresaw about claiming imamate by Abd Allah and advised [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] to leave Abd Allah because he would die soon afterwards.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-waṣīyya'', p. 198. </ref> | ||
=== His Incompetence in answering Questions of the Companions === | === His Incompetence in answering Questions of the Companions === | ||
It is mentioned that Shia and [[List of Companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)|companions]] of Imam al-Sadiq (a) asked | It is mentioned that Shia and [[List of Companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)|companions]] of Imam al-Sadiq (a) asked Abd Allah some questions to ensure about his claim, but he could not give proper answers, and thus many Shia left him. These questions have been mentioned in different sources, for example, Some Shia from [[Khurasan]] came to [[Medina]] after the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a) and asked some questions from Abd Allah, but he could not answer them.<ref>Nūrī, ''Mustadrak al-Wasāʾil'', vol. 15, p. 467.</ref> | ||
[[Hisham b. Salim]] and [[Mu'min al-Taq]] asked him about [[Zakat]] of 100 Dirhams. He answered two dirhams.<ref>Nabāṭī al-Bayāḍī, ''al-Ṣirāt al-mustaqīm'',vol.2, p. 191. </ref> | [[Hisham b. Salim]] and [[Mu'min al-Taq]] asked him about [[Zakat]] of 100 Dirhams. He answered two dirhams.<ref>Nabāṭī al-Bayāḍī, ''al-Ṣirāt al-mustaqīm'',vol.2, p. 191. </ref> | ||
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== Fatahiyya == | == Fatahiyya == | ||
{{main|Fatahiyya}} | {{main|Fatahiyya}} | ||
When | When Abd Allah claimed imamate, some Shia followed him and were known as Fatahiyya.<ref>Subḥānī, ''Buhūth fī l-milal wa l-niḥal'', vol. 8, p. 78.</ref> At the time of Imam al-Sadiq (a), Shias commonly said that the eldest son reaches the position of imamate. Accordingly, some who did not hear about Imam al-Sadiq's (a) declaration of Imam al-Kazim's imamate followed Abd Allah, who was the elder brother and had claimed imamate. When he died 70 days after the martyrdom of Imam al-Sadiq (a), the rest of his followers returned to Imam al-Kazim (a).<ref>Shahristānī, ''al-Milal wa l-niḥal'', vol. 1, p. 148. </ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||