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Mirza Muhammad al-Akhbari: Difference between revisions
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| Full name = Jamal al-Din b. 'Abd al-Nabi b. 'Abd al-Sani' al-Nishaburi al- | | Full name = Jamal al-Din b. 'Abd al-Nabi b. 'Abd al-Sani' al-Nishaburi al-Istarabadi | ||
| Kunya = Abu Ahmad | | Kunya = Abu Ahmad | ||
| Epithet = | | Epithet = | ||
| Well Known As = Mirza Muhammad | | Well Known As = Mirza Muhammad al-Istarabadi | ||
| Religious Affiliation = [[Twelver Shi'a]] | | Religious Affiliation = [[Twelver Shi'a]] | ||
| Lineage = | | Lineage = | ||
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| Official website = | | Official website = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Abū Aḥmad Jamāl al-Dīn b. ʿAbd l-Nabī b. ʿAbd al-Ṣāniʿ al-Nishābūrī al- | '''Abū Aḥmad Jamāl al-Dīn b. ʿAbd l-Nabī b. ʿAbd al-Ṣāniʿ al-Nishābūrī al-Istarābādī''' (Arabic:{{ia| ابواحمد جمالالدين بن عبدالنبي بن عبدالصانع النيشابوري الاسترابادي}}) (b. [[1178]]/1764- d. [[1232]]/1816), known as '''Mīrzā Muḥammad al-Akhbārī''' ({{ia| ميرزا محمد الاَخباري}}), was a scholar of [[fiqh]] and [[hadith]] and a founder of the [[Akhbari]] approach in [[Shi'a]] fiqh. | ||
He wrote several books to reject the [[Usuli school]]. Because of his opposition to Usulis, including [[al-Wahid al-Bihbahani]], he had to leave [[Iraq]] for [[Tehran]]. In Tehran, he was welcomed and respected by [[Fath-Ali Shah Qajar]]. It is said that during his stay in Tehran, he displayed some [[kiramat]] (supernatural acts), and thus, he came to be known as "Sayyid Muhammad Sahib Kiramat". | He wrote several books to reject the [[Usuli school]]. Because of his opposition to Usulis, including [[al-Wahid al-Bihbahani]], he had to leave [[Iraq]] for [[Tehran]]. In Tehran, he was welcomed and respected by [[Fath-Ali Shah Qajar]]. It is said that during his stay in Tehran, he displayed some [[kiramat]] (supernatural acts), and thus, he came to be known as "Sayyid Muhammad Sahib Kiramat". | ||
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There is a disagreement about Sayyid Muhammad's lineage. One of his grandchildren, Ibrahim b. Mirza Ahmad, considers him as one of [[Radawi Sadat]] in his preface to his book, ''Iqaz al-nabiyya''. According to him, his lineage goes back to Husayn b. [[Musa al-Mubarqa']], a son of [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]]. There are quotes from Diya' al-Muttaqin Mirza Muhammad to the effect that his lineage goes back to Shams al-Din Muhammad al-Juwayni, a minister and the author of ''Diwan''. | There is a disagreement about Sayyid Muhammad's lineage. One of his grandchildren, Ibrahim b. Mirza Ahmad, considers him as one of [[Radawi Sadat]] in his preface to his book, ''Iqaz al-nabiyya''. According to him, his lineage goes back to Husayn b. [[Musa al-Mubarqa']], a son of [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]]. There are quotes from Diya' al-Muttaqin Mirza Muhammad to the effect that his lineage goes back to Shams al-Din Muhammad al-Juwayni, a minister and the author of ''Diwan''. | ||
Mirza Muhammad was born in Akbarabad or Farrukhabad in [[India]] from an | Mirza Muhammad was born in Akbarabad or Farrukhabad in [[India]] from an Istarabadi mother. Al-Tunikabuni considered him to be from [[Bahrain]]. | ||
His grandfather, 'Abd al-Sani', was from Astarabad, and his father, 'Abd al-Nabi, lived in [[Nishapur]] at first, and then immigrated to India. Mirza Muhammad had a daughter and three sons, Muhammad, Ahmad, and 'Ali. His daughter was [[Mulla Hadi Sabziwari]]'s wife. Despite his fundamental disagreements with the majority of [[mujtahids]], everyone acknowledged his mastery of rational and transmitted disciplines. | His grandfather, 'Abd al-Sani', was from Astarabad, and his father, 'Abd al-Nabi, lived in [[Nishapur]] at first, and then immigrated to India. Mirza Muhammad had a daughter and three sons, Muhammad, Ahmad, and 'Ali. His daughter was [[Mulla Hadi Sabziwari]]'s wife. Despite his fundamental disagreements with the majority of [[mujtahids]], everyone acknowledged his mastery of rational and transmitted disciplines. | ||
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Although Mirza Muhammad wrote rejections for Sufi beliefs, the author of ''Bustan al-siyaha'' related him to the unknown Sufi sect of "Mahdiyya". Others have attributed beliefs to him which are close to the mystical beliefs of [[Shaykh Ahmad Ahsa'i]], appealing to Mirza Muhammad's remarks in his book, ''Wamdat al-nur'', in which he referred to Shaykh Ahmad Ihsa'i as "our master in the science of certainty [that is, mysticism] Ahmad b. Zayn al-Din". | Although Mirza Muhammad wrote rejections for Sufi beliefs, the author of ''Bustan al-siyaha'' related him to the unknown Sufi sect of "Mahdiyya". Others have attributed beliefs to him which are close to the mystical beliefs of [[Shaykh Ahmad Ahsa'i]], appealing to Mirza Muhammad's remarks in his book, ''Wamdat al-nur'', in which he referred to Shaykh Ahmad Ihsa'i as "our master in the science of certainty [that is, mysticism] Ahmad b. Zayn al-Din". | ||
== | ==Works== | ||
Mirza Muhammad wrote several books mostly concerned with [[fiqh]], [[kalam]], the defense of [[Akhbari]] teachings, and the rejection of [[Usuli]] doctrines. He wrote over 80 books and essays. According to Ibrahim b. Mirza Ahmad's bibliography, Mirza Muhammad wrote 30 books, 56 essays, and 2 collections of poems. Most of his work is in Arabic and some are in Persian. | Mirza Muhammad wrote several books mostly concerned with [[fiqh]], [[kalam]], the defense of [[Akhbari]] teachings, and the rejection of [[Usuli]] doctrines. He wrote over 80 books and essays. According to Ibrahim b. Mirza Ahmad's bibliography, Mirza Muhammad wrote 30 books, 56 essays, and 2 collections of poems. Most of his work is in Arabic and some are in Persian. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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* The material for writing this article has been mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/میرزا_محمد_استرآبادی میرزا محمد استرآبادی] in Farsi wikishia. | * The material for writing this article has been mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/میرزا_محمد_استرآبادی میرزا محمد استرآبادی] in Farsi wikishia. | ||
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{{faqihs}} | {{faqihs}} | ||
[[fa:میرزا_محمد_استرآبادی]] | [[fa:میرزا_محمد_استرآبادی]] | ||