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Kitab Man la yahduruh al-faqih (book): Difference between revisions
Kitab Man la yahduruh al-faqih (book) (view source)
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| subject = [[Fiqh]] | | subject = [[Fiqh]] | ||
| genre =Narrative | | genre = Narrative | ||
| published = | | published = | ||
| publisher = Mu'assisa al-Nashr al-Islami | | publisher = Mu'assisa al-Nashr al-Islami | ||
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'''Kitāb | |||
'''Kitāb man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh''' (Arabic: كتاب من لا يحضره الفقيه) is a [[hadith]] collection mainly about [[fiqh]] complied by the famous [[Twelver Shi'a]] hadith scholar [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]]. This book is among the most reliable Shi'a hadith books and one of [[The Four Books]] of Twelver Shi'a hadith. | |||
==Name== | ==Name== | ||
The full name of this book is ''Kitab Man la yahduruhu al-faqih'' (The word | The full name of this book is ''Kitab Man la yahduruhu al-faqih'' (The word "Kitab" sometimes is not mentioned). Its name literally means ''The book for the one who does not have a Faqih before him''. Some translate the title as ''Every man his own lawyer''. | ||
==Contents == | ==Contents == | ||
In his introduction to the book, [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] says when he was at Ilaq (a region near [[Balkh]]), met one of his friends and one day | In his introduction to the book, [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] says when he was at Ilaq (a region near [[Balkh]]), met one of his friends and one day | ||
::[this friend] mentioned a book compiled by [[Muhammad b. Zakariyya al-Razi]] entitled ''Man la yahduruhu al-Tabib'' ( | ::[this friend] mentioned a book compiled by [[Muhammad b. Zakariyya al-Razi]] entitled ''Man la yahduruhu al-Tabib'' (The book for the one who does not have a doctor before him) which is comprehensive, albeit small. So he asked me to compile a book on [[fiqh]] and lawful and unlawful for him… which includes all I have written about fiqh… and to name the book ''Kitab Man la yahduruh al-faqih'' so that he can refer to it as a reliable book and act according it when needed… | ||
Therefore the book is mainly concerned with [[fiqh]] and contains hadiths which are about lawful and unlawful. Since he meant to compile this book as a reference book to help ordinary Shi'a Muslims in the practice of the legal requirements of Islam, [[al-Saduq]] had mentioned hadiths he considered them correct. He says in the introduction of the book: | Therefore the book is mainly concerned with [[fiqh]] and contains hadiths which are about lawful and unlawful. Since he meant to compile this book as a reference book to help ordinary Shi'a Muslims in the practice of the legal requirements of Islam, [[al-Saduq]] had mentioned hadiths he considered them correct. He says in the introduction of the book: | ||
::I did not have the usual intention of compilers (of Hadith books) to put forward everything which they (could) narrate but my intention was to put forward those things by which I issue fatwa and which I am sure of their attribution to the | ::I did not have the usual intention of compilers (of Hadith books) to put forward everything which they (could) narrate but my intention was to put forward those things by which I issue fatwa and which I am sure of their attribution to the Prophet (s) and Imams (a). | ||
In fact the work represents a definitive synopsis of all the | In fact the work represents a definitive synopsis of all the hadiths which al-Shaykh al-Saduq had collected and included in individual books on specific [[fiqh]] subjects. | ||
==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
The book encompasses most of the areas of [[fiqh]]. It is arranged in small sections | The book encompasses most of the areas of [[fiqh]]. It is arranged in small sections and every several sections constitute one major topic in fiqh; for example: | ||
* | *Several sections about the rules of [[prayer]] | ||
* | *Several sections about the rules of [[fasting]] | ||
* | *Several sections about the rules of judgment | ||
* | *Several sections about the rules for [[marriage]] | ||
* | *Several sections about the rules of [[heritage]] | ||
According to the authors classification, the book was arranged in four volumes and 666 sections. The number of hadiths [[al-Saduq]] has narrated in this book is around 6000. | |||
==Method== | ==Method== | ||
This book is written in the conventional method of that time in which [[faqih|faqihs]] only narrated the [[hadith|hadiths]] about the subjects in discussion (in later periods of [[fiqh]], faqihs write their own inferences from hadiths and other sources). | This book is written in the conventional method of that time in which [[faqih|faqihs]] only narrated the [[hadith|hadiths]] about the subjects in discussion (in later periods of [[fiqh]], faqihs write their own inferences from hadiths and other sources). | ||
Since this book has been written for ordinary people, generally the | Since this book has been written for ordinary people, generally the "Isnads" of hadiths (that is, the chain of authorities by which the hadith had been received from the Prophet or one of the Imams) is omitted. [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] explains in the introduction of the book that "I omitted the Isnads, lest the book become voluminous." The scholars, however, could check the Isnads in other works of al-Saduq. | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
[[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] says that this work is driven from all hadiths and books he knew. He also gives an account of the works which he has consulted in compiling this book: "all what mentioned in this book is derived from those well-known works that we should rely on them and refer to them." Then he mentions the names of eleven early Shi'a hadith compiler whose work he has refer to; such as [[Hariz b. 'Abd Allah al-Sajistani]], [['Ubayd Allah b. 'Ali al-Halabi]], [['Ali b. Mahziyar]], [[Husayn b. Sa'id al-Kufi]], [[Ibn al-Walid al-Qummi]], [['Ali b. Babawayh al-Qummi]] (his father) | [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] says that this work is driven from all hadiths and books he knew. He also gives an account of the works which he has consulted in compiling this book: | ||
::"all what mentioned in this book is derived from those well-known works that we should rely on them and refer to them." | |||
Then he mentions the names of eleven early Shi'a hadith compiler whose work he has refer to; such as [[Hariz b. 'Abd Allah al-Sajistani]], [['Ubayd Allah b. 'Ali al-Halabi]], [['Ali b. Mahziyar]], [[Husayn b. Sa'id al-Kufi]], [[Ibn al-Walid al-Qummi]], [['Ali b. Babawayh al-Qummi]] (his father). | |||
This inclusion of the list of some of the works consulted is an evidence that the works of both al-Shaykh al-Saduq and his predecessor, [[al-Kulayni]], who compiled [[al-Kafi]], the first of [[the Four Books]], represent the zenith of hadith works which had been compiled in a continuous process from the earliest times and at least from the time of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]. | This inclusion of the list of some of the works consulted is an evidence that the works of both al-Shaykh al-Saduq and his predecessor, [[al-Kulayni]], who compiled [[al-Kafi]], the first of [[the Four Books]], represent the zenith of hadith works which had been compiled in a continuous process from the earliest times and at least from the time of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]. | ||
In addition to these references which the author gives in his introduction he frequently refers to his own works during the course of the book. Thus at the end of his "Bab nawadir al-hajj" (Chapter of Exceptional | In addition to these references which the author gives in his introduction he frequently refers to his own works during the course of the book. Thus at the end of his "Bab nawadir al-hajj" (Chapter of Exceptional hadiths about [[Hajj]]), he says: "I have published these hadiths with their Isnads with others in ''Kitab jami' nawadir al-hajj'' ." | ||
== | |||
==Position== | |||
This book has been esteemed as one of the most reliable hadith collections among [[Twelver Shi'a|Shi'a]] scholars, hence its inclusion in [[The Four Books]]. As all hadith collections, however, there is no guarantee of the authenticity of each individual hadith and the reliability of each must be separately assessed. | This book has been esteemed as one of the most reliable hadith collections among [[Twelver Shi'a|Shi'a]] scholars, hence its inclusion in [[The Four Books]]. As all hadith collections, however, there is no guarantee of the authenticity of each individual hadith and the reliability of each must be separately assessed. | ||
==Commentaries == | ==Commentaries == | ||
As one of the major works of Shi'a hadith, 23 commentaries have been written on it so far. Many of these commentaries have been lost or are unpublished transcripts. Among the significant Shi'a scholars who have written commentaries on this book are [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] and [[ | As one of the major works of Shi'a hadith, 23 commentaries have been written on it so far. Many of these commentaries have been lost or are unpublished transcripts. Among the significant Shi'a scholars who have written commentaries on this book are [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] and [[al-'Allama al-Majlisi]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* Amin, Sayyid | * Amin, al-Sayyid Muhsin al-, ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', Beirut, Dar Al-Ta'aruf li-l-Matbu'at, 1406 AH (vol. 1, p. 122) | ||
* Bahrani, Yusuf, ''Lu'lu'at al-bahrayn'', Najaf, Dar Al-Nu'man, 1386AH (p. 395) | * Bahrani, Yusuf, ''Lu'lu'at al-bahrayn'', Najaf, Dar Al-Nu'man, 1386AH (p. 395) | ||
* Al-Shaykh al-Saduq, ''Al-Muqni','' Qom, Mu'asisa Imam Hadi (a), 1415AH (p. 5) | * Al-Shaykh al-Saduq, ''Al-Muqni','' Qom, Mu'asisa Imam Hadi (a), 1415AH (p. 5) | ||
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{{Shi'a Hadithi Books}} | {{Shi'a Hadithi Books}} | ||
[[fa: | [[fa:کتاب_من_لایحضره_الفقیه]] | ||
[[ar:من لا يحضره الفقيه (كتاب)]] | [[ar:من لا يحضره الفقيه (كتاب)]] | ||
[[tr:Men La Yahduruhu'l Fakih]] | [[tr:Men La Yahduruhu'l Fakih]] | ||