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Al-Qasr Prayer: Difference between revisions
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The reason for this ruling is ([[Qur'an 4]]:101): | The reason for this ruling is ([[Qur'an 4]]:101): | ||
::::"When you journey in the land, there is no sin upon you in shortening the prayers, if you fear that the faithless may trouble you; …” | ::::"When you journey in the land, there is no sin upon you in shortening the prayers, if you fear that the faithless may trouble you; …” | ||
It has been documented in both [[Sunni]] and [[Shi'a]] sources that while travelling, the [[Holy Prophet (s)]] shortened four Rak'a prayers and performed them in two Rak'as. In [[Hadith]] and [[Jurisprudence|jurisprudential]] compilations, separate chapters have been dedicated to the discussion of shortening prayers while travelling. | It has been documented in both [[Sunni]]<ref>Bukhārī, ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 2, p. 42.</ref> and [[Shi'a]]<ref>Ḥaydar, ''al-Imām al-Ṣādiq wa l-madhāhib al-arbaʿa'', vol. 3, p. 345.</ref> sources that while travelling, the [[Holy Prophet (s)]] shortened four Rak'a prayers and performed them in two Rak'as. In [[Hadith]] and [[Jurisprudence|jurisprudential]] compilations, separate chapters have been dedicated to the discussion of shortening prayers while travelling. | ||
==Islamic Jurisprudential Schools== | ==Islamic Jurisprudential Schools== | ||
Among Islamic sects, Imamiyya and [[Hanafi School]] deem shortening prayer as an obligation for the traveller; however, [[Maliki School]] regards the act of shortening a highly recommended practice, and [[Shafi'i School]] and [[Hanbali School]] deem it permissible, meaning a traveller can pray either in four or two Rak'as, without any obligation or preference in either option. | Among Islamic sects, Imamiyya and [[Hanafi School]] deem shortening prayer as an obligation for the traveller; however, [[Maliki School]] regards the act of shortening a highly recommended practice, and [[Shafi'i School]] and [[Hanbali School]] deem it permissible, meaning a traveller can pray either in four or two Rak'as, without any obligation or preference in either option.<ref>Subḥānī, ''al-Qaṣr fī l-safar'', p. 5-6.</ref> | ||
Those who deem shortening unnecessary have appealed to the phrase "there is no sin upon you in shortening”. In contrast, those who regard it as an obligation would reply that the verse intended to wipe away the false mentality which considered such act sinful. In some other verses of the [[Holy Qur'an]], the same phrase is used to denote obligation. | Those who deem shortening unnecessary have appealed to the phrase "there is no sin upon you in shortening”. In contrast, those who regard it as an obligation would reply that the verse intended to wipe away the false mentality which considered such act sinful.<ref>Subḥānī, ''al-Qaṣr fī l-safar'', p. 13.</ref> In some other verses of the [[Holy Qur'an]], the same phrase is used to denote obligation.<ref>Qurʾān, 2:158 .</ref> | ||
Additionally and based on the apparent meaning of the verse, some have restricted the permissibility of shortening to situations of fear and insecurity. However, The Prophetic Tradition has interpreted the verse in nonrestrictive terms; i.e. both in security and danger, the Prophet (s) would shorten his prayers while travelling. Based on this explanation, the clause "if you fear …” in the verse is taken to be only a reference to the prevalence of such situations at that time, not a restrictive term. | Additionally and based on the apparent meaning of the verse, some have restricted the permissibility of shortening to situations of fear and insecurity. However, The Prophetic Tradition has interpreted the verse in nonrestrictive terms; i.e. both in security and danger, the Prophet (s) would shorten his prayers while travelling. Based on this explanation, the clause "if you fear …” in the verse is taken to be only a reference to the prevalence of such situations at that time, not a restrictive term.<ref>Subḥānī, ''al-Qaṣr fī l-safar'', p. 12.</ref> | ||
==Technical Definition of Traveller in Islamic Jurisprudence== | ==Technical Definition of Traveller in Islamic Jurisprudence== | ||
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# The traveller must not be of nomads who mostly travel. | # The traveller must not be of nomads who mostly travel. | ||
# Travelling must not be his job. | # Travelling must not be his job. | ||
# The traveller must cross the [[Tarakhkhus Limit]]. | # The traveller must cross the [[Tarakhkhus Limit]].<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 3, p. 414-470.</ref> | ||
==The Rulings of Shortened Prayer== | ==The Rulings of Shortened Prayer== | ||
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==The Reason Behind Shortening Prayer in Travel== | ==The Reason Behind Shortening Prayer in Travel== | ||
Islamic practical laws are based on real good and evil, which are sometimes explained, and sometimes remain hidden to us. In some narrations, shortening of traveller's prayer (and breaking a traveller's fast) have been regarded as a gift and remission from God, because of different conditions, exhaustion and busyness during travels. It has been stated in a narration by [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] from the [[Holy Prophet (s)]]: | Islamic practical laws are based on real good and evil, which are sometimes explained, and sometimes remain hidden to us. In some narrations, shortening of traveller's prayer (and breaking a traveller's fast) have been regarded as a gift and remission from God, because of different conditions, exhaustion and busyness during travels.<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 8, p. 520, Ḥadīth 11337.</ref> It has been stated in a narration by [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] from the [[Holy Prophet (s)]]: | ||
:::"Allah has bestowed a gift upon me and my nation, which has not been given to other nations …, breaking fast and shortening prayer in travel; therefor, whoever does not comply, has rejected Allah's gift.” | :::"Allah has bestowed a gift upon me and my nation, which has not been given to other nations …, breaking fast and shortening prayer in travel; therefor, whoever does not comply, has rejected Allah's gift.”<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 8, p. 520, Ḥadīth 11336.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||