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Al-Qibla Verse: Difference between revisions
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This verse, which involves the ruling of changing the Qibla, is known as the Verse of Qibla. Verses 142, 143, and 150 of Sura al-Baqara have also been referred to as verses of Qibla. Some exegetes of the Qur'an take verses 142-144 of Sura al-Baqara to be verses of Qibla. | This verse, which involves the ruling of changing the Qibla, is known as the Verse of Qibla.<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 81, p. 33; Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 1, p. 325.</ref> Verses 142,<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 414; Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān'', vol. 2, p. 3-4.</ref> 143,<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 4, p. 107.</ref> and 150 of Sura al-Baqara<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 1, p. 329.</ref> have also been referred to as verses of Qibla. Some exegetes of the Qur'an take verses 142-144 of Sura al-Baqara to be verses of Qibla.<ref>Ṭanṭāwī, ''Tafsīr al-wasīṭ'', vol. 1, p. 294.</ref> | ||
After the change of the Qibla, some Jews and superficial Muslims began to object. In response, the following verse was revealed:<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 413.</ref> | |||
After the change of the Qibla, some Jews and superficial Muslims began to object. In response, the following verse was revealed: | |||
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==Occasion of Revelation== | ==Occasion of Revelation== | ||
According to sources of exegesis, the Verse of Qibla was revealed in order to change the Qibla of Muslims from Jerusalem to the [[Ka'ba]]. After the migration of Muslims to Medina, Jewish residents of the city took the direction of Muslims towards Jerusalem to be evidence that Islam was not an authentic religion. They asked: "if [[Muhammad (s)]] has brought a new religion, so why does he say [[prayers]] towards our Qibla?" According to some hadiths, this and other factors led the Prophet (s) to wish that the Ka'ba were the Qibla for Muslims, but he never expressed his wish to God. The verse points to the Prophet’s (s) expectation for the change of Qibla. | According to sources of exegesis, the Verse of Qibla was revealed in order to change the Qibla of Muslims from Jerusalem to the [[Ka'ba]]. After the migration of Muslims to Medina, Jewish residents of the city took the direction of Muslims towards Jerusalem to be evidence that Islam was not an authentic religion. They asked: "if [[Muhammad (s)]] has brought a new religion, so why does he say [[prayers]] towards our Qibla?"<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 198; Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 29.</ref> According to some hadiths, this and other factors led the Prophet (s) to wish that the Ka'ba were the Qibla for Muslims, but he never expressed his wish to God.<ref>Abū l-Futūḥ al-Rāzī, ''Rawḍ al-Jinān'', vol. 2, p. 208; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 414; Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 1, p. 490.</ref> The verse points to the Prophet’s (s) expectation for the change of Qibla.<ref>See: Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 81, p. 33; Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 28; Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 1, p. 329.</ref> | ||
The exegetes have two views concerning the reason why the Prophet (s) was looking at the sky: | The exegetes have two views concerning the reason why the Prophet (s) was looking at the sky: | ||
* One is that the Prophet (s) was already promised about the change of Qibla, and thus, he was turning his face towards the sky and waiting for the descend of [[Jabra'il]] to bring the ruling of Qibla. | * One is that the Prophet (s) was already promised about the change of Qibla, and thus, he was turning his face towards the sky and waiting for the descend of [[Jabra'il]] to bring the ruling of Qibla. | ||
* The other is that the Prophet (s) had not expressed his wish for the change of the Qibla and was looking at the sky and waiting, because prophets are not permitted to ask anything from God without God's permission. | * The other is that the Prophet (s) had not expressed his wish for the change of the Qibla and was looking at the sky and waiting, because prophets are not permitted to ask anything from God without God's permission.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 4, p. 122-123; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 422.</ref> | ||
==Time of Revelation== | ==Time of Revelation== | ||
There is no consensus among exegetes of the Qur'an with regard to the time when the Verse of Qibla was revealed. There is a spectrum of views from 6 to 19 months after the migration. Some exegetes have appealed to the date of the change of Qibla, that is, [[Rajab]] of 2 (January 624), and take the most accurate view to be 17 months after the migration. There is also a disagreement about whether the Verse of Qibla was revealed in the middle of the [[morning prayer]] or [[noon prayer]] or [[afternoon prayer]]. | There is no consensus among exegetes of the Qur'an with regard to the time when the Verse of Qibla was revealed. There is a spectrum of views from 6<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 28; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 414.</ref> to 19 months<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 1, p. 333.</ref> after the migration. Some exegetes have appealed to the date of the change of Qibla, that is, [[Rajab]] of 2 (January 624), and take the most accurate view to be 17 months after the migration.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 1, p. 331.</ref> There is also a disagreement about whether the Verse of Qibla was revealed in the middle of the [[morning prayer]] or [[noon prayer]] or [[afternoon prayer]].<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 186-187.</ref> | ||
==Place of Revelation== | ==Place of Revelation== | ||
There are three views about the place where the Verse of Qibla was revealed: | There are three views about the place where the Verse of Qibla was revealed: | ||
* The mosque of Banu Salima in northwestern [[Medina]] which is known as [[Masjid al-Qiblatayn]], | * The mosque of Banu Salima<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 186; Zamakhshrī, ''al-Kashshāf'', vol. 1, p. 202.</ref> in northwestern [[Medina]]<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārikh wa Āthār-i Islāmī'', p. 268.</ref> which is known as [[Masjid al-Qiblatayn]].<ref>Ibn Syyid al-Nās, ''ʿUyūn al-athar'', vol. 1, p. 269.</ref> | ||
* The mosque of the Banu Salim b. 'Awf tribe, where the Prophet (s) performed his first [[Friday Prayer]], | * The mosque of the Banu Salim b. 'Awf tribe, where the Prophet (s) performed his first [[Friday Prayer]],<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 63; Ṭabrisī, ''Iʿlām al-warā'', vol. 1, p. 154.</ref> | ||
* [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi]]. | * [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi]].<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 186-187.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{Notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* | *Abū l-Futūḥ al-Rāzī, Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī. ''Rawḍ al-Jinān wa rawḥ al-Janān''. Edited by Yāḥaqī & Nāṣiḥ. Mashhad: Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawī, 1375 Sh. | ||
*Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1415 AH. | |||
*Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm''. Edited by Marʿashlī. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1409 AH. | |||
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Basrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al- ʿIlmīyya, 1418 AH. | |||
*Ibn Syyid al-Nās, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. ''ʿUyūn al-athar''. Edited by Ibrāhīm Muḥammad. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam: 1414 AH. | |||
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH. | |||
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārikh wa Āthār-i Islāmī Mecca wa Medina''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 Sh. | |||
*Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''. Edited by Jazāʾirī. Qom: Dār al-Kutub, 1404 AH. | |||
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Ṣidqī Jamīl. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH. | |||
*Ṭabāṭabāyī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. ''Al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Translated by Mūsawī Hamidānī. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1417 AH. | |||
*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al. ''Iʿlām al-warā bi-Iʿlām al-Hudā''. Qom: Āl al-Bayt, 1417 AH. | |||
*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Tehran: Nāṣir khusru, 1372 Sh. | |||
*Ṭanṭāwī, Sayyid Muḥammad. ''Al-Tafsīr al-wasīṭ''. Cairo: Dār al-Maʾārif, 1412 AH. | |||
*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Tibyān''. Edited by Aḥmad Ḥabīb Qaṣīr al-ʿĀmulī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1412 AH. | |||
*Zamakhshrī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Kashshāf ʿan ḥaqāʾiq qwāmiḍ al-Tanzīl''. Qom: Nashr al-Balāqa, 1415 AH. | |||
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{{Famous Verses of Qur'an}} | {{Famous Verses of Qur'an}} | ||