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Abu 'Ubayda al-Jarrah: Difference between revisions
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'''ʿĀmir b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Jarrāḥ''' (Arabic: {{ia|عامر بن عبدالله بن الجَرّاح}}; b. 38 before [[Hijra]]/585-86 d. [[18]]/639), known as '''Abū ʿUbayda al-Jarrāḥ''' ({{ia| أبوعُبیدة الجرّاح}}), was a [[Sahaba|companion]] of [[the Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and a close companion of [[Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa]] and [['Umar b. Khattab]]. In the [[incident of Saqifa]], he endorsed the [[caliphate]] of Abu Bakr and had a major role in taking oaths of allegiance from opponents of Abu Bakr, and in particular, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]. He had a significant role in conquests in the periods of the early [[caliphs]], and died in [[17]]/638 or 18/639. | '''ʿĀmir b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Jarrāḥ''' (Arabic: {{ia|عامر بن عبدالله بن الجَرّاح}}; b. 38 before [[Hijra]]/585-86 d. [[18]]/639), known as '''Abū ʿUbayda al-Jarrāḥ''' ({{ia| أبوعُبیدة الجرّاح}}), was a [[Sahaba|companion]] of [[the Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and a close companion of [[Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa]] and [['Umar b. al-Khattab]]. In the [[incident of Saqifa]], he endorsed the [[caliphate]] of Abu Bakr and had a major role in taking oaths of allegiance from opponents of Abu Bakr, and in particular, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]. He had a significant role in conquests in the periods of the early [[caliphs]], and died in [[17]]/638 or 18/639. | ||
==Life== | ==Life== | ||
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==In the Army of Usama== | ==In the Army of Usama== | ||
{{main|Jaysh Usama}} | {{main|Jaysh Usama}} | ||
Late in his life, the Prophet (s) sent an army to the borders of [[Syria]] under the commandership of [[Usama b. Zayd]]. People such as [[Abu Bakr]], [['Umar b. Khattab]], and Abu 'Ubayda were present in this army. But because of the disobedience of some people (by leaving the army), including Abu 'Ubayda, Usama camped near [[Medina]] until the Prophet's (s) demise. When he heard the news about the demise of the Prophet (s), he and his army returned to the city. The Prophet (s) cursed people who disobeyed Usama. | Late in his life, the Prophet (s) sent an army to the borders of [[Syria]] under the commandership of [[Usama b. Zayd]]. People such as [[Abu Bakr]], [['Umar b. al-Khattab]], and Abu 'Ubayda were present in this army. But because of the disobedience of some people (by leaving the army), including Abu 'Ubayda, Usama camped near [[Medina]] until the Prophet's (s) demise. When he heard the news about the demise of the Prophet (s), he and his army returned to the city. The Prophet (s) cursed people who disobeyed Usama. | ||
==Abu 'Ubayda's Role in the Caliphate of Abu Bakr== | ==Abu 'Ubayda's Role in the Caliphate of Abu Bakr== | ||
{{main|Incident of Saqifa}} | {{main|Incident of Saqifa}} | ||
After the demise of the Prophet (s), some heads of [[Ansar]] gathered in [[Saqifa Bani Sa'ida]] in order to select a [[caliph]] from among themselves. Their candidate was [[Sa'd b. 'Ubada]]. When [['Umar b. Khattab]] heard the news, he took [[Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa]] and Abu 'Ubayda to the Saqifa. After quarrels between [[Muhajirun]] and Ansar, Abu Bakr was finally selected as the caliph and people pledged their allegiance to him. | After the demise of the Prophet (s), some heads of [[Ansar]] gathered in [[Saqifa Bani Sa'ida]] in order to select a [[caliph]] from among themselves. Their candidate was [[Sa'd b. 'Ubada]]. When [['Umar b. al-Khattab]] heard the news, he took [[Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa]] and Abu 'Ubayda to the Saqifa. After quarrels between [[Muhajirun]] and Ansar, Abu Bakr was finally selected as the caliph and people pledged their allegiance to him. | ||
Although Abu 'Ubayda's role in the Incident of Saqifa is not obviously known, his cooperation with Abu Bakr and 'Umar in the Saqifa and his influential role in later events cannot be accidental. | Although Abu 'Ubayda's role in the Incident of Saqifa is not obviously known, his cooperation with Abu Bakr and 'Umar in the Saqifa and his influential role in later events cannot be accidental. | ||
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==Shiite and Sunni Views== | ==Shiite and Sunni Views== | ||
Sunni Muslims have praised Abu 'Ubayda because he was one of the [[Sahaba]] and has transmitted [[hadiths]] from [[the Prophet (s)]]. They have also cited some of his virtues, and by appealing to a hadith (transmitted by 'Umar b. Khattab), they consider him as one of [[al-'Ashara al-Mubashshara]] (10 people to whom the Prophet (s) gave the good news of going to the [[Heaven]]). They also say that 'Umar trusted him so much that he said about him, "if I die and Abu 'Ubayda is alive, I will appoint him as my successor". | Sunni Muslims have praised Abu 'Ubayda because he was one of the [[Sahaba]] and has transmitted [[hadiths]] from [[the Prophet (s)]]. They have also cited some of his virtues, and by appealing to a hadith (transmitted by 'Umar b. al-Khattab), they consider him as one of [[al-'Ashara al-Mubashshara]] (10 people to whom the Prophet (s) gave the good news of going to the [[Heaven]]). They also say that 'Umar trusted him so much that he said about him, "if I die and Abu 'Ubayda is alive, I will appoint him as my successor". | ||
However, the [[Shi'as]] have reproached him because of his infringement of the order to stay in the [[Army of Usama]], supporting Abu Bakr and 'Umar b. Khattab in the event of Saqifa Bani Sa'ida, supporting the first and the second caliphs in their governments, and the commandership of conquests. | However, the [[Shi'as]] have reproached him because of his infringement of the order to stay in the [[Army of Usama]], supporting Abu Bakr and 'Umar b. al-Khattab in the event of Saqifa Bani Sa'ida, supporting the first and the second caliphs in their governments, and the commandership of conquests. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||