Akhlaq-i Muhtashami (book): Difference between revisions

Akhlaq Muhtashami is an ethical book written by Khwajih Nasir al-Din Tusi in Persian containing different issues in ethics. Many advice, maxims, wise words and analogies have been mentioned in this book. This book is more than more practical than theoretical.

Muhammad b. Muhammad Hasan Tusi known as Khwajih Nasir al-Din Tusi (597 – 672 AH) was among Muslim influential thinkers. HE was the author of many books and treatises in ethical sciences, logic, philosophy, Kalam, mathematics and astronomy, such as Akhlaq Nasiri, Awsaf al-ashraf, Asas al-iqtibas, Sharh al-Isharat, Tajrid al-I’tiqad, Jami’ al-hisab, the famous book of Zij Ilkhani and al-Tadhkira fi ‘ilm al-hay’a on astronomy. He also established the observatory of Marahgeh and the library of Marahgeh holding 400 thousand volumes of books.

It became famous as Akhlaq Muhtashami because Khwajih Nasir wrote this book for Khwajih Nasir al-Din ‘Abd al-Rahim b. Abi Mansur Muhtasham Qahistan.

Akhlaq Muhtashami has 40 chapters. In this book, about every topic, verses from the Qur’an, then hadiths from the Prophet (s) and Imams (a) and sayings from the wise are mentioned.

In addition to verses and hadiths, Akhlaq Muhtashami contains views and sayings of Budharjumehr, Anushirvan, Roshanak, daughter of Dara and also Socrates, Pluto, Aristotle, Diogenes, Alexander, Pythagoras, and others. Khwajih Nasir tried to gather all select and right opinions about theoretical ethics from all sources available at his time, whether from the glorious Qur’an, prophetic hadiths, Sufis and ascetics’ beliefs, ancient Iranian thoughts and Indian and Greek philosophers, and especially benefitted from the sayings of Ikhwan al-Safa and Isma’ili inviters.

In the book, especially in the second and third chapters, he has shown his belief in Shiism and his unprejudiced opinion in mentioning the opinions of philosophers is a reason for his philosophical manner, open-mindedness and following scientific methods in writing the book.

* Tarjumat al-adab al-wajiz lil-walad al-saghir written by Ibn Muqaffa’ and translated by Khwajih Nasir al-Din Tusi containing pieces of advice and instructions to children and youths about manners of life.

* Risalah dar tawalla wa tabarra, in which Khwaja Tusi analyses the issue of tawalla and tabarra [Befriending and rejection] – which is among the signs of Shia – in a philosophical analysis. An important point is that the writing style of this treatise is much different from his other treatises and it is more a scientific text than a literary text, because in this treatise, the author avoids any approach leading to pretention and even avoids repeated and unfavorable additional comments.

* Maqala fi fada’il Amir al-Mu’minin Ali (a) in which, many hadiths about the virtues of Imam Ali (a) are collected. One of such hadiths is that according to a hadith from the Prophet (s), Imam Ali (a) and the Prophets Noah (a), the Prophet Abraham (a), the Prophet Moses (a) and the Prophet Jesus (a) are at the same rank.

The fourth chapter: on unity and keeping away from arrogance and hypocrisy

The sixth chapter: on wisdom and knowledge and caring about actions

 

 

 

 

 

The twelfth chapter: on tawakkul

 

 

 

 

 

 

The eighteenth chapter: on the harms of greed

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tarjumat al-adab al-wajiz lil-walad al-saghir

 

 

 

[[fa:اخلاق محتشمی (کتاب)]]