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Kitab Man la yahduruh al-faqih (book): Difference between revisions
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'''''Kitāb Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh''''' (Arabic: {{ia|كِتاب مَن لايَحضُرُه الفَقيه}}) is a [[hadith]] collection mainly about [[jurisprudence]] | '''''Kitāb Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh''''' (Arabic: {{ia|كِتاب مَن لايَحضُرُه الفَقيه}}) is a [[hadith]] collection mainly about [[jurisprudence]] complied by the famous [[Shi'a]] hadith scholar [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]]. This book is among the most reliable books and one of the [[Four Books]] of Shi'a hadith. | ||
==Name== | ==Name== | ||
The full name of this book is ''Kitab Man la yahduruh al-faqih'' (The word "Kitab" sometimes is not mentioned). Its name literally means ''The book for the one who does not have a [[ | The full name of this book is ''Kitab Man la yahduruh al-faqih'' (The word "Kitab" sometimes is not mentioned). Its name literally means ''The book for the one who does not have a [[jurist]] before him''. Some translate the title as ''Every man his own lawyer''. | ||
==Contents == | ==Contents == | ||
In his introduction to the book, [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] says when he was at Ilaq (a region near [[Balkh]]), he met one of his friends and one day the friend mentioned a book compiled by [[Muhammad b. Zakariyya al-Razi]] entitled ''Kitab man la yahduruhu al-Tabib'' (The book for the one who does not have a doctor before him) which is comprehensive, albeit small. So he asked me to compile a book on [[jurisprudence]] and lawful and unlawful for him… which includes all I have written about jurisprudence… and to name the book ''Kitab man la yahduruh al-faqih'' so that he can refer to it as a reliable book and act according to it when needed. | In his introduction to the book, [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] says when he was at Ilaq (a region near [[Balkh]]), he met one of his friends and one day the friend mentioned a book compiled by [[Muhammad b. Zakariyya al-Razi]] entitled ''Kitab man la yahduruhu al-Tabib'' (The book for the one who does not have a doctor before him) which is comprehensive, albeit small. So he asked me to compile a book on [[jurisprudence]] and lawful and unlawful for him… which includes all I have written about jurisprudence… and to name the book ''Kitab man la yahduruh al-faqih'' so that he can refer to it as a reliable book and act according to it when needed.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 1, p. 2-3.</ref> | ||
{{The most important hadith books for the Shia and Sunni}} | |||
Therefore the book is mainly concerned with [[jurisprudence]] and contains hadiths which are about lawful and unlawful. Since he meant to compile this book as a reference book to help ordinary Shi'a Muslims in the practice of the legal requirements of [[Islam]], [[al-Saduq]] had mentioned hadiths he considered them correct. He says in the introduction of the book: | Therefore the book is mainly concerned with [[jurisprudence]] and contains hadiths which are about lawful and unlawful. Since he meant to compile this book as a reference book to help ordinary Shi'a Muslims in the practice of the legal requirements of [[Islam]], [[al-Saduq]] had mentioned hadiths he considered them correct. He says in the introduction of the book: | ||
::I did not have the usual intention of compilers (of Hadith books) to put forward everything which they (could) narrate but my intention was to put forward those things by which I issue fatwa and which I am sure of their attribution to the [[Prophet (s)]] and [[Imams (a)]]. | ::I did not have the usual intention of compilers (of Hadith books) to put forward everything which they (could) narrate but my intention was to put forward those things by which I issue fatwa and which I am sure of their attribution to the [[Prophet (s)]] and [[Imams (a)]]. | ||
In fact the work represents a definitive synopsis of all the hadiths which al-Shaykh al-Saduq had collected and included in individual books on specific | In fact the work represents a definitive synopsis of all the hadiths which al-Shaykh al-Saduq had collected and included in individual books on specific jurisprudential subjects. | ||
==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
The book encompasses most of the areas of [[jurisprudence]]. It is arranged in small sections and every several sections constitute one major topic in jurisprudence; for example: | The book encompasses most of the areas of [[jurisprudence]]. It is arranged in small sections and every several sections constitute one major topic in jurisprudence; for example: | ||
*Several sections about the rules of [[prayer]] | * Several sections about the rules of [[prayer]] | ||
*Several sections about the rules of [[fasting]] | * Several sections about the rules of [[fasting]] | ||
*Several sections about the rules of [[judgment]] | * Several sections about the rules of [[judgment]] | ||
*Several sections about the rules for [[marriage]] | * Several sections about the rules for [[marriage]] | ||
*Several sections about the rules of [[heritage]] | * Several sections about the rules of [[heritage]] | ||
According to the author's classification, the book was arranged in four volumes and 666 sections. The number of hadiths [[al-Saduq]] has narrated in this book is around 6000. | According to the author's classification, the book was arranged in four volumes and 666 sections. The number of hadiths [[al-Saduq]] has narrated in this book is around 6000. | ||
==Method== | ==Method== | ||
This book is written in the conventional method of that time in which [[faqih|jurists]] only narrated the [[hadith]]s about the subjects in discussion (in later periods of [[ | This book is written in the conventional method of that time in which [[faqih|jurists]] only narrated the [[hadith]]s about the subjects in discussion (in later periods of [[jurisprudence]], jurists write their own inferences from hadiths and other sources). | ||
Since this book has been written for ordinary people, generally the "Isnads" of hadiths (that is, the chain of authorities by which the hadith had been received from the Prophet (s) or one of the Imams) is omitted. [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] explains in the introduction of the book that "I omitted the Isnads, lest the book become voluminous." The scholars, however, could check the Isnads in other works of al-Saduq. | Since this book has been written for ordinary people, generally the "Isnads" of hadiths (that is, the chain of authorities by which the hadith had been received from the Prophet (s) or one of the Imams) is omitted. [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] explains in the introduction of the book that "I omitted the Isnads, lest the book become voluminous." The scholars, however, could check the Isnads in other works of al-Saduq. | ||
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