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'''Mufaṣṣalāt''' (Arabic: {{ia|المُفَصَّلات}}) are short [[Sura|chapter]]s at the end of the [[Qur'an]]. They are also called Riyāḍ al-Qur'an. In these chapters, [[abrogated]] verses can less be seen. Therefore, they are also called [[Muhkamat]]. Mufassalat end with the [[Sura al-Nas|chapter Nas]]; but, about the beginning of them, there are 12 different opinions. They are divided in three groups regarding the number of [[verse]]s: | {{Qur'an-Vertical}} | ||
'''Mufaṣṣalāt''' (Arabic: {{ia|المُفَصَّلات}}) are short [[Sura|chapter]]s at the end of the [[Qur'an]]. They are also called Riyāḍ al-Qur'an. In these chapters, [[abrogated]] verses can less be seen. Therefore, they are also called [[Muhkamat]]. Mufassalat end with the [[Sura al-Nas|chapter al-Nas]]; but, about the beginning of them, there are 12 different opinions. They are divided in three groups regarding the number of [[verse]]s: Ṭiwāl (long chapters), Awsāṭ (middle-size chapters) and Qiṣār (short chapters). | |||
== Meaning == | == Meaning == | ||
In usages, Mufassalat refer to the chapters at the end of the Qur'an which are short and are separated from each other with the verse "In the Name of God, the All-Compassionate, the Most Merciful". | In usages, Mufassalat refer to the chapters at the end of the Qur'an which are short and are separated from each other with the verse "In the Name of [[God]], the All-Compassionate, the Most Merciful". | ||
== Other Names == | == Other Names == | ||
Since abrogated verses are few in these chapters, they are also called Muhkamat. In a narration in which Ibn Abbas has answered a question about Muhkam, he has interpreted it as Mufassal. In some | Since abrogated verses are few in these chapters, they are also called Muhkamat. In a narration in which [[Ibn Abbas]] has answered a question about Muhkam, he has interpreted it as Mufassal. In some [[hadith]]s, these chapters have been called Riyad al-Qur'an. | ||
== Mufassalat in Narrations of the Prophet (s) == | == Mufassalat in Narrations of the Prophet (s) == | ||
The term Mufassal exists in narrations of the Prophet (s) as well: | The term Mufassal exists in narrations of the [[Prophet (s)]] as well: | ||
"Chapters of Tiwal have been given to me instead of Torah, and chapters of Sunan have been given to me instead of gospels and [chapters of] Mathani instead of Zabur; and I was given superiority over them by the chapters of Mufassal which are 68. And the Qur'an has dominance over books of other Prophets (s)." | "Chapters of Tiwal have been given to me instead of [[Torah]], and chapters of Sunan have been given to me instead of [[gospels]] and [chapters of] [[Mathani]] instead of [[Zabur]]; and I was given superiority over them by the chapters of Mufassal which are 68. And the Qur'an has dominance over books of other Prophets (s)." | ||
There are other hadiths transmitted from the Prophet (s) such as the hadith of Wathila b. Asqa' about Mufassalat. In these hadiths, God has given the Prophet (s) superiority over other Prophets (s) because of Mufassal chapters. | There are other hadiths transmitted from the Prophet (s) such as the hadith of Wathila b. Asqa' about Mufassalat. In these hadiths, God has given the Prophet (s) superiority over other Prophets (s) because of Mufassal chapters. | ||
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== Characteristics == | == Characteristics == | ||
* They are separated from each other with the verse "In the Name of God, the All-Compassionate, the Most Merciful" due to their shortness. | * They are separated from each other with the verse "In the Name of God, the All-Compassionate, the Most Merciful" due to their shortness. | ||
* They are mostly revealed in Mecca. | * They are mostly [[revealed]] in [[Mecca]]. | ||
== Types == | == Types == | ||
Mufassalat chapters are divided to three groups based on the number of verses: | Mufassalat chapters are divided to three groups based on the number of verses: | ||
* Tiwal chapters which are chapters including Hujurat or Qaf to chapter Naba' or Buruj. | * [[Tiwal chapters]] which are chapters including [[Sura al-Hujurat|al-Hujurat]] or [[Sura Qaf|Qaf]] to chapter [[Sura al-Naba'|al-Naba']] or [[Sura al-Buruj|al-Buruj]]. | ||
* Awsat chapters which are chapters including Tariq to Bayyina | * [[Awsat chapters]] which are chapters including [[Sura al-Tariq|al-Tariq]] to [[Sura al-Bayyina|al-Bayyina]] | ||
* Qisar chapters which are chapters including Zilzal to Nas. | * [[Qisar chapters]] which are chapters including [[Sura al-Zilzal|al-Zilzal]] to al-Nas. | ||
== Exegetes' Opinions about the Number of Mufassalaat == | == Exegetes' Opinions about the Number of Mufassalaat == | ||
The last chapter of Mufassalat is Nas as agreed by all, but there are 12 opinions about the first chapter of Mufassalat: Saffat, Jathiya, Muhammad (s), Fath, Hujurat, Qaf, al-Rahman, Saff, Furqan, Insan, A'la and Duha. | The last chapter of Mufassalat is [[Sura al-Nas|al-Nas]] as agreed by all, but there are 12 opinions about the first chapter of Mufassalat: [[Sura al-Saffat|al-Saffat]], [[Sura al-Jathiya|al-Jathiya]], [[Sura Muhammad|Muhammad (s)]], [[Sura al-Fath|al-Fath]], Hujurat, Qaf, [[Sura al-Rahman|al-Rahman]], [[Sura al-Saff|al-Saff]], [[Sura al-Furqan|al-Furqan]], [[Sura al-Furqan|al-Insan]], [[Sura al-Furqan|al-A'la]] and [[Sura al-Furqan|al-Duha]]. | ||
==References== | |||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [[:fa:مفصلات|{{ia|مفصلات}}]] in Farsi Wikishia. | |||
[[fa:مفصلات]] | [[fa:مفصلات]] | ||
[[Category:Suras]] | |||
[[Category:Mufassalat suras]] | |||